Перевод: со всех языков на английский

с английского на все языки

С английского на:
Все языки
Со всех языков на:
Все языки
Английский
Русский
Французский

to work for the private sector

Толкование Перевод

1 privé

privé, e [pʀive]

1. adjective

private ; (Press) [source] unofficial ; (Law) [droit] civil ; [télévision, radio] independent

2. masculine noun

   a. le privé ( = secteur) the private sector

   b. ( = détective) (inf) private eye (inf)

   c. ► en privé in private

* * *

1.

privée pʀive participe passé priver

2.

participe passé adjectif

privé de — deprived of

un style privé d'humour — a humourless [BrE] style

je suis resté privé de téléphone pendant deux jours — I had to do without a phone for two days

tu seras privé de dessert! — you'll go without dessert!

3.

adjectif

1) ( non étatique) private

2) ( non destiné au public) private

3) ( non officiel) unofficial

à titre privé — unofficially

4) ( personnel) private

4.

nom masculin

1) ( secteur) Économie private sector

2) École

le privé — ( secteur) private schools (pl)

3) ( activité)

dans le privé, le maire est directeur d'une société — apart from his official position, the mayor is a company director

en privé — ( seul à seul) in private; ( non officiellement) off the record

4) (colloq) ( détective) private eye (colloq), private detective

* * *
pʀive adj privé, -e
1) (secteur, sphère) private

ma vie privée — my private life

en privé; dans le privé — in private

la propriété privée — private property

2)

privé de (= dépourvu de) — deprived of

* * *

privé, privée

A pp ⇒ priver.

B pp adj privé de deprived of; une région peu à peu privée d'arbres/d'eau an area gradually deprived of trees/of water; privé de tout deprived of everything; un style privé d'humour/d'imagination a humourless^GB/an unimaginative style; je suis resté privé de téléphone pendant deux jours I had to do without a phone for two days; tu seras privé de dessert/télévision! you'll go without dessert/television!

C adj

1 ( non étatique) [secteur, investisseur, compagnie, intérêt] private;

2 ( non destiné au public) [lieu, projection, collection] private;

3 ( non officiel) [visite, entretien, consultation, source] unofficial; [accord, déclaration] unofficial; [clientèle, détective, dîner] private; à titre privé unofficially; en visite à Londres à titre privé on an unofficial visit to London; chez lui, l'homme privé est tout différent du personnage officiel his private face is very different from his public one;

4 ( personnel) [vie, correspondance, affaire] private; se mêler de la vie privée des autres to meddle in other people's private lives.

D nm

1 ( secteur) Écon, Pol private sector; dans le privé [travailler, exercer] in the private sector;

2 Scol le privé private schools (pl); aller dans le privé [élève] to go to a private school;

3 ( activité) dans le privé, le maire est directeur d'une société apart from his official position, the mayor is a company director; dans le privé il est très sympathique as a person he's really nice; en privé ( seul à seul) in private; ( non officiellement) off the record; puis-je vous parler en privé? may I speak to you in private?; le porte-parole a déclaré en privé que off the record, the spokesman announced that;

4 ○( détective) private eye○, private detective.

( féminin privée) [prive] adjectif

1. [personnel] private

ma vie privée my private life

2. [non public] private

une audience privée a private audience

3. [officieux] unofficial

nous avons appris sa démission de source privée we've learned unofficially that he has resigned

4. [non géré par l'État] private

————————

nom masculin

1. INDUSTRIE private sector

travailler dans le privé to work for the private sector ou a private company

elle est médecin à l'hôpital mais elle fait aussi du privé (familier) she works as a doctor in a hospital but she also has ou takes private patients

2. [intimité] private life

dans le privé, c'est un homme très agréable in private life, he's very pleasant

3. (familier) [détective] sleuth, private detective

————————

en privé locution adverbiale

in private

pourrais-je vous parler en privé? could I talk to you privately ou in private?

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > privé
2 pantoufler

pantoufler [pɑ̃tufle]

➭ TABLE 1 intransitive verb

to leave the civil service to work in the private sector

* * *

pantoufler○ verb table: aimer vi [haut fonctionnaire] to work in the private sector.

[pɑ̃tufle] verbe intransitif

(familier) to leave a civil service post and work for the private sector

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > pantoufler
3 comercial

adj.

1 commercial.

relaciones comerciales trade relations

2 store.

f. & m.

sales rep (vendedor, representante).

m.

commercial, ad, advertisement, advert.

* * *

comercial

► adjetivo

1 (del comercio) commercial

2 (de tiendas) shopping

► nombre masulino o femenino

1 (vendedor) seller; (hombre) salesman; (mujer) saleswoman

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

banco comercial commercial bank

tratado comercial commercial treaty

* * *

adj.

commercial

* * *

1. ADJ

1) (=de tiendas) [área, recinto] shopping antes de s

un centro comercial — a shopping centre

2) (=financiero) [carta, operación] business antes de s ; [balanza, déficit, guerra, embargo] trade antes de s ; [intercambio, estrategia] commercial

el interés comercial de la empresa — the commercial o trading interests of the company

su novela alcanzó un gran éxito comercial — his novel was very successful commercially, his novel achieved great commercial success

han reanudado las relaciones comerciales — they have resumed trading relations
agente 1., local 2., 1)
3) [aviación, avión, piloto] civil

4) [cine, teatro, literatura] commercial

una película muy comercial — a very commercial film

2.

SMF (=vendedor) salesperson

* * *
I
adjetivo

a) <zona/operación/carta> business (before n)

una firma comercial — a company

el desequilibrio comercial entre los dos países — the trade imbalance between the two countries

el déficit comercial — the trade deficit

nuestra división comercial — our sales o marketing department; galería, centro

b) <película/arte> commercial
II
masculino

1) (AmL) commercial, advert (BrE)

2) (CS) (Educ) business school
III
femenino o masculino ( tienda)

Comercial Hernández — Hernandez's Stores

* * *

= commercial, commercially available, entrepreneurial, fee-based, marketing, priceable, for-profit, consumer-like, business-like, business-related, market-orientated [market orientated], profit-making, profit-related, readily available, trade-oriented, profit-orientated, marketable, business, off-the-shelf, commercially operated, market-oriented [market oriented], profit-oriented, out of the box, profit-generating.

Ex. It is these features which have led co-operative members to select these systems rather than those of the commercial software vendor.

Ex. Computerized information-retrieval systems are also very prominent in commercially available online search systems and applications.

Ex. It was noteworthy that nearly all SLIS were maintaining their IT materials as much, if not more, from earnings from entrepreneurial activity than out of institutional allocation.

Ex. The imposition of fee-based services may radically curtail the breadth of resources available to library users where historically information has been offered freely.

Ex. Business International Inc. is another US service covering economic and marketing activities in over seventy countries.

Ex. Neither are the latter group, in the course of their professional activities, likely to feel that the treatment of information as a priceable commodity compromises a principle fundamental to their professional ethic.

Ex. The friction in this industry between private, for-profit services and not-for-profit learned societies or government bodies is deep-seated.

Ex. I tried to say at the very outset of my remarks that there probably has not been sufficient consumer-like and assertive leverage exerted upon our chief suppliers.

Ex. It was generally felt that US libraries are organised on more business-like lines than those in the Netherlands.

Ex. Twinning of libraries in different countries can bring benefits in terms of joint projects, student exchanges, and other buisness-related affairs.

Ex. In the middle range of authorship there is, then, quite a wide band of writing stretching from the scholarly to the market-orientated = En el nivel medio de autoría existe, pues, a una gran gama de producciones escritas que van desde lo científico a lo comercial.

Ex. Many types of budgets are not really applicable to libraries, since libraries are not primarily profit-making institutions.

Ex. However these distinctions are not always clear cut, the public sector may pursue profit-related goals and the private sector may adopt other goals besides profit (improving work environments, quality of life).

Ex. Librarians generally adopt the common strategy of simply using readily available sources of information.

Ex. Trade-oriented scholarly presses also predict more titles, smaller press runs and higher prices.

Ex. Information producers and sellers are profit-orientated.

Ex. Central to this is the belief that information is a marketable commodity.

Ex. A major concern of the journal will be the business, economic, legal, societal and technological relationships between information technology and information resource management.

Ex. A standard off-the-shelf version costs 450 and fully tailored systems usually fall into the range 1,250 -- 1,450.

Ex. There are a number of microfilming centres in the country including two commercially operated microfilming services.

Ex. The market oriented economy is changing the role of information and business information services.

Ex. The author points out dangers inherent in the fact that on-line data bases are privately owned and profit-oriented.

Ex. Software vendors provide manuals for the ' out of the box' programs they sell.

Ex. Examples of determined efforts to erase the intellectual boundaries between the profit-generating models of business and the intellectual pursuits of the academic community are considered.

----

* actividad comercial = commercial activity.

* anuncio comercial = commercial.

* aplicación comercial = commercial application, business application.

* aplicaciones comerciales = commercial software.

* argumento comercial = business case.

* asequible en establecimiento comercial = over the counter.

* aviación comercial = commercial aviation.

* bajo comercial = commercial premise.

* banco comercial = business bank.

* barrera comercial = trade barrier.

* carta comercial = business letter.

* casa comercial = house.

* caso comercial = business case.

* catálogo comercial de compra por correo = mail order catalogue.

* centro comercial = shopping centre, shopping precinct, mall of shops, plaza.

* comercial 7 papel comercial = commercial paper.

* compañía comercial = business firm.

* correspondencia comercial = business correspondence.

* déficit comercial = trade deficit.

* déficit de la balanza comercial = trade deficit.

* de gran éxito comercial = high selling.

* demanda comercial = market demand, commercial demand.

* de modo comercial = on a commercial basis.

* de un gran éxito comercial = best selling [bestselling/best-selling], top-selling.

* de uso comercial = commercially-owned.

* director comercial = chief commercial officer.

* directorio comercial = trade directory, traders' list, traders' catalogue.

* directorio comercial por calles = street directory.

* distrito comercial = business district.

* diversificación comercial = business diversification.

* edificio comercial = commercial building.

* editor comercial = commercial publisher.

* editorial comercial = publishing firm, publishing press.

* emporio comercial = emporium [emporia, -pl.].

* empresa comercial = business firm.

* estafa comercial = business scam.

* estrategia comercial = business plan, market strategy.

* éxito comercial = commercial success, financial success.

* firma comercial = commercial firm, firm, commercial enterprise, business firm.

* galería comercial = shopping arcade, walking arcade.

* horario comercial = business hours.

* industria de las exposiciones comerciales = trade show industry.

* inglés "comercial" = pidgin English.

* licencia comercial = trading licence.

* mantener relaciones comerciales = do + business.

* marca comercial = brand name, servicemark, trade name.

* mundo comercial, el = commercial world, the.

* nación comercial = trading nation.

* no comercial = non-profit making, non-commercial [noncommercial].

* novedad comercial = industry update.

* para uso comercial = commercially-owned.

* parque comercial = business estate.

* poco comercial = uncommercial.

* polígono comercial = business estate.

* presentación comercial = technical presentation.

* producto comercial = retail product.

* programa informático comercial = commercial application, commercial software.

* programas comerciales = commercial software.

* propuesta comercial = business proposition.

* proyecto comercial = marketing project.

* razonamiento comercial = business case.

* relaciones comerciales = business dealings.

* rentabilidad comercial = business profitability.

* representante comercial = business traveller.

* riesgo comercial = business risk.

* secreto comercial = competitive information.

* sector comercial, el = profit-oriented sector, the, profit sector, the, commercial sector, the, for-profit sector, the.

* sector no comercial, el = not-for-profit sector, the, non-profit sector, the.

* servicio comercial = commercial service.

* sistema comercial = market system, commercial system.

* situado en la calle comercial = shop-front [shopfront] .

* socio comercial = business associate.

* software comercial = commercial software.

* valor comercial = commercial paper.

* vehículo comercial = commercial vehicle.

* viajante comercial = business traveller.

* visión comercial = business acumen.

* vuelo comercial = commercial flight.

* zona comercial = business district, shopping area, shopping district.

* * *
I
adjetivo

a) <zona/operación/carta> business (before n)

una firma comercial — a company

el desequilibrio comercial entre los dos países — the trade imbalance between the two countries

el déficit comercial — the trade deficit

nuestra división comercial — our sales o marketing department; galería, centro

b) <película/arte> commercial
II
masculino

1) (AmL) commercial, advert (BrE)

2) (CS) (Educ) business school
III
femenino o masculino ( tienda)

Comercial Hernández — Hernandez's Stores

* * *

= commercial, commercially available, entrepreneurial, fee-based, marketing, priceable, for-profit, consumer-like, business-like, business-related, market-orientated [market orientated], profit-making, profit-related, readily available, trade-oriented, profit-orientated, marketable, business, off-the-shelf, commercially operated, market-oriented [market oriented], profit-oriented, out of the box, profit-generating.

Ex: It is these features which have led co-operative members to select these systems rather than those of the commercial software vendor.

Ex: Computerized information-retrieval systems are also very prominent in commercially available online search systems and applications.

Ex: It was noteworthy that nearly all SLIS were maintaining their IT materials as much, if not more, from earnings from entrepreneurial activity than out of institutional allocation.

Ex: The imposition of fee-based services may radically curtail the breadth of resources available to library users where historically information has been offered freely.

Ex: Business International Inc. is another US service covering economic and marketing activities in over seventy countries.

Ex: Neither are the latter group, in the course of their professional activities, likely to feel that the treatment of information as a priceable commodity compromises a principle fundamental to their professional ethic.

Ex: The friction in this industry between private, for-profit services and not-for-profit learned societies or government bodies is deep-seated.

Ex: I tried to say at the very outset of my remarks that there probably has not been sufficient consumer-like and assertive leverage exerted upon our chief suppliers.

Ex: It was generally felt that US libraries are organised on more business-like lines than those in the Netherlands.

Ex: Twinning of libraries in different countries can bring benefits in terms of joint projects, student exchanges, and other buisness-related affairs.

Ex: In the middle range of authorship there is, then, quite a wide band of writing stretching from the scholarly to the market-orientated = En el nivel medio de autoría existe, pues, a una gran gama de producciones escritas que van desde lo científico a lo comercial.

Ex: Many types of budgets are not really applicable to libraries, since libraries are not primarily profit-making institutions.

Ex: However these distinctions are not always clear cut, the public sector may pursue profit-related goals and the private sector may adopt other goals besides profit (improving work environments, quality of life).

Ex: Librarians generally adopt the common strategy of simply using readily available sources of information.

Ex: Trade-oriented scholarly presses also predict more titles, smaller press runs and higher prices.

Ex: Information producers and sellers are profit-orientated.

Ex: Central to this is the belief that information is a marketable commodity.

Ex: A major concern of the journal will be the business, economic, legal, societal and technological relationships between information technology and information resource management.

Ex: A standard off-the-shelf version costs 450 and fully tailored systems usually fall into the range 1,250 -- 1,450.

Ex: There are a number of microfilming centres in the country including two commercially operated microfilming services.

Ex: The market oriented economy is changing the role of information and business information services.

Ex: The author points out dangers inherent in the fact that on-line data bases are privately owned and profit-oriented.

Ex: Software vendors provide manuals for the ' out of the box' programs they sell.

Ex: Examples of determined efforts to erase the intellectual boundaries between the profit-generating models of business and the intellectual pursuits of the academic community are considered.

* actividad comercial = commercial activity.

* anuncio comercial = commercial.

* aplicación comercial = commercial application, business application.

* aplicaciones comerciales = commercial software.

* argumento comercial = business case.

* asequible en establecimiento comercial = over the counter.

* aviación comercial = commercial aviation.

* bajo comercial = commercial premise.

* banco comercial = business bank.

* barrera comercial = trade barrier.

* carta comercial = business letter.

* casa comercial = house.

* caso comercial = business case.

* catálogo comercial de compra por correo = mail order catalogue.

* centro comercial = shopping centre, shopping precinct, mall of shops, plaza.

* comercial 7 papel comercial = commercial paper.

* compañía comercial = business firm.

* correspondencia comercial = business correspondence.

* déficit comercial = trade deficit.

* déficit de la balanza comercial = trade deficit.

* de gran éxito comercial = high selling.

* demanda comercial = market demand, commercial demand.

* de modo comercial = on a commercial basis.

* de un gran éxito comercial = best selling [bestselling/best-selling], top-selling.

* de uso comercial = commercially-owned.

* director comercial = chief commercial officer.

* directorio comercial = trade directory, traders' list, traders' catalogue.

* directorio comercial por calles = street directory.

* distrito comercial = business district.

* diversificación comercial = business diversification.

* edificio comercial = commercial building.

* editor comercial = commercial publisher.

* editorial comercial = publishing firm, publishing press.

* emporio comercial = emporium [emporia, -pl.].

* empresa comercial = business firm.

* estafa comercial = business scam.

* estrategia comercial = business plan, market strategy.

* éxito comercial = commercial success, financial success.

* firma comercial = commercial firm, firm, commercial enterprise, business firm.

* galería comercial = shopping arcade, walking arcade.

* horario comercial = business hours.

* industria de las exposiciones comerciales = trade show industry.

* inglés "comercial" = pidgin English.

* licencia comercial = trading licence.

* mantener relaciones comerciales = do + business.

* marca comercial = brand name, servicemark, trade name.

* mundo comercial, el = commercial world, the.

* nación comercial = trading nation.

* no comercial = non-profit making, non-commercial [noncommercial].

* novedad comercial = industry update.

* para uso comercial = commercially-owned.

* parque comercial = business estate.

* poco comercial = uncommercial.

* polígono comercial = business estate.

* presentación comercial = technical presentation.

* producto comercial = retail product.

* programa informático comercial = commercial application, commercial software.

* programas comerciales = commercial software.

* propuesta comercial = business proposition.

* proyecto comercial = marketing project.

* razonamiento comercial = business case.

* relaciones comerciales = business dealings.

* rentabilidad comercial = business profitability.

* representante comercial = business traveller.

* riesgo comercial = business risk.

* secreto comercial = competitive information.

* sector comercial, el = profit-oriented sector, the, profit sector, the, commercial sector, the, for-profit sector, the.

* sector no comercial, el = not-for-profit sector, the, non-profit sector, the.

* servicio comercial = commercial service.

* sistema comercial = market system, commercial system.

* situado en la calle comercial = shop-front [shopfront].

* socio comercial = business associate.

* software comercial = commercial software.

* valor comercial = commercial paper.

* vehículo comercial = commercial vehicle.

* viajante comercial = business traveller.

* visión comercial = business acumen.

* vuelo comercial = commercial flight.

* zona comercial = business district, shopping area, shopping district.

* * *

comercial¹

adjective

1 ‹distrito/operación› business ( before n)

una importante firma comercial an important company

el desequilibrio comercial entre los dos países the trade imbalance between the two countries

un emporio comercial fenicio a Phoenician trading post

algunos critican su agresividad comercial some people criticize their aggressive approach to business

el déficit comercial the trade deficit

una carta comercial a business letter

nuevas iniciativas comerciales new business initiatives

nuestra división comercial our sales o marketing department

el derribo de un avión comercial the shooting down of a civil aircraft

ver tb agente comercial (↑ agente), centro comercial (↑ centro), galería, etc

2 ‹película/arte› commercial

comercial²

masculine

( AmL)

commercial, advert ( BrE)

comercial³

feminine

or

masculine

A

(tienda): [ S ] Comercial Hernández Hernandez's Stores

B (CS) ( Educ) business school

* * *

comercial adjetivo
a) ‹zona/operación/carta› business ( before n);

◊ una firma comercial a company;

el déficit comercial the trade deficit;
See Also→ galería, centro
b) ‹película/arte› commercial

■ sustantivo masculino
a) ( anuncio) commercial, advert (BrE)

b) (CS) (Educ) business school

comercial adjetivo commercial
' comercial' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
balanza
- centro
- depresión
- erotizar
- galería
- propaganda
- recibo
- Sres.
- feria
- gerente
- pasaje
- relación
- señalización
- señalizar
- zona
English:
accessible
- arcade
- brand name
- business
- commercial
- commercialize
- delay
- delegation
- head-hunt
- mall
- merchant bank
- moneymaker
- profit margin
- rep
- run across
- sales brochure
- sales promotion
- sales rep
- selling point
- shopping centre
- trade agreement
- trade deficit
- trade embargo
- trade gap
- trade route
- tradename
- trading partner
- trading results
- unbusinesslike
- break
- cash
- fair
- for
- mix
- opening
- plaza
- precinct
- representative
- shopping
- trade
- trading

* * *

comercial

♦ adj

1. [de empresas] commercial;
[embargo, déficit, disputa] trade;
relaciones comerciales trade relations;

aviación comercial civil aviation;

política comercial trade policy;

gestión comercial business management

2. [que se vende bien] commercial;

una película muy comercial a very commercial film

♦ nmf
[vendedor, representante] sales rep
♦ nm
Am commercial, Br advert
* * *

comercial

I adj commercial; de negocios business atr ;

el déficit comercial the trade deficit

II m/f representative

III m L.Am. ( anuncio) commercial

* * *

comercial adj & nm

: commercial

♦ comercialmente adv

* * *

comercial¹ adj commercial

comercial² n salesman [pl. salesmen] / saleswoman [pl. saleswomen]

Spanish-English dictionary > comercial
4 Historical Portugal

   Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.

   A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.

   Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140

   The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."

   In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.

   The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.

   Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385

   Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in

   Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.

   The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.

   Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580

   The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.

   The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.

   What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.

   By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.

   Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.

   The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.

   By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.

   In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.

   Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640

   Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.

   Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.

   On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.

   Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822

   Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.

   Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.

   In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the

   Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.

   Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.

   Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.

   Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910

   During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.

   Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.

   Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.

   Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.

   Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.

   As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.

   First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26

   Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.

   The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.

   Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.

   The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74

   During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."

   Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.

   For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),

   and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.

   The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.

   With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.

   During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.

   The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.

   At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.

   The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.

   Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76

   Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.

   Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.

   In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.

   In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.

   In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.

   The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until

   UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.

   Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000

   After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.

   From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.

   Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.

   Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.

   In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.

   In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.

   Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.

    Contemporary Portugal

   Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.

   The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.

   Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.

   Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).

   All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.

   The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.

   After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.

   Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.

   Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.

   From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.

   Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.

   In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.

   An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal
5 empresa

f.

1 company.

pequeña y mediana empresa small and medium-sized business

libre empresa free enterprise

empresa conjunta joint venture

empresa filial subsidiary

empresa matriz parent company

empresa privada private company

la empresa privada the private sector

empresa pública public sector firm

la empresa pública the public sector

empresa de trabajo temporal temping agency

empresa de transportes haulage firm

2 enterprise, undertaking.

se embarcó en una peligrosa empresa he embarked on a risky enterprise o undertaking

* * *

empresa

► nombre femenino

1 (compañía) firm, company

2 (dirección) management

3 (acción) undertaking, venture

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

empresa filial subsidiary company

empresa matriz parent company

empresa multinacional multinational company

empresa naviera shipping company

libre empresa free enterprise

* * *

noun f.

1) company, corporation, firm, business

2) undertaking, venture

* * *

SF

1) (=tarea) enterprise

empresa libre — free enterprise

empresa privada — private enterprise

2) (Com, Econ) (=compañía) firm, company

pequeñas y medianas empresas — small and medium-sized companies

empresa colectiva — joint venture

empresa de seguridad — security company

empresa de servicios públicos — public utility company

empresa de trabajo temporal — temp recruitment agency

empresa fantasma — dummy company

empresa filial — affiliated company

empresa fletadora — shipping company

empresa funeraria — undertaker's, mortician's (EEUU)

empresa matriz — parent company

empresa particular — private company

empresa pública — public sector company

3) (=dirección) management

la empresa lamenta que... — the management regrets that...

* * *

femenino

1)

a) ( compañía) company, firm (BrE)

empresa filial — subsidiary company

b) ( dirección) management

la empresa no se hace responsable — the management cannot accept liability

- empresa de servicios públicos

- empresa privada/pública

2) (tarea, labor) venture, undertaking

* * *

femenino

1)

a) ( compañía) company, firm (BrE)

empresa filial — subsidiary company

b) ( dirección) management

la empresa no se hace responsable — the management cannot accept liability

- empresa de servicios públicos

- empresa privada/pública

2) (tarea, labor) venture, undertaking

* * *

empresa¹

¹ = business [businesses, -pl.], commercial firm, company, corporation, firm, business enterprise, outfit, business interest, business firm, industrial firm, commercial enterprise, operating company.

Nota: Perteneciente a un grupo.

Ex: To a small or mid-sized business, information is critical for effective planning, growth and development.

Ex: Difficulties over access to these can arise when research project has been financed by a scientific organization or commercial firm who have an interest in maintaining security.

Ex: Among the companies offering 'Mice' are Microsoft, Vision and Apple, but more are anticipated.

Ex: The main form of knowledge transfer and the basis for decision making within corporations has not been a paper, a document or a detailed report, but a set of overhead slides and the discussions around them.

Ex: The European Development Fund finances projects in overseas countries for which European-based firms can supply equipment and know-how.

Ex: The 'Books at work' project in Kalmar in southern Sweden is the result of collaboration between trade unions, business enterprises and the public library.

Ex: The author compares the advantages and disadvantages of buying from the larger established companies and smaller outfits.

Ex: As an example, the University of Hawaii libraries have installed an online catalogue on which they will hang a special assortment of databases that are needed by Hawaii and Pacific business interests.

Ex: Collection and preservation of records is an expensive pursuit and the task of persuading cost conscious business firms that they ought to preserve their records is an unenviable one.

Ex: In libraries serving industrial firms, for example, the cost of not finding information may be high; this is why 'hard headed businessmen' add to their overheads by paying for extensive library services.

Ex: Some commercial enterprises subsidise satellite communications for academic institutions.

Ex: In the future, these files will be made readily accessible to other Glaxo operating companies through the use of computers.

* a cuenta de la empresa = at company expense.

* administración de empresas = business administration.

* admnistrador de empresa = firm administrator.

* archivo de empresa = business archives.

* biblioteca de empresa = commercial library, industrial library, corporate library, company library, business library.

* bibliotecario de empresa = industrial librarian.

* comida de empresa = company dinner.

* como las empresas = business-like.

* conglomerado de empresas = conglomerate.

* contratación de personal cualificado de otras empresas = lateral hiring.

* curso mixto de clases y práctica en la empresa = sandwich course.

* dejar la empresa = jump + ship.

* de la propia empresa = company-owned.

* de toda la empresa = systemwide.

* director de empresa = company director.

* directorio de empresas en base de datos = corporate directory database, company directory database.

* documentación de empresas = business record.

* empresa afiliada = sister company.

* empresa comercial = commercial agency, commercial vendor, commercial business, business firm.

* empresa con solera = established player.

* empresa consolidada = established player.

* empresa constructora = property developer.

* empresa consumada = established player.

* empresa de búsqueda personalizada de ejecutivos = headhunter.

* empresa de cobro de deudas = debt collection agency.

* empresa de contabilidad = accounting firm.

* empresa dedicada a la venta por correo = mail order company.

* empresa dedicada al desarrollo de productos = product developer.

* empresa dedicada a los sondeos de opinión = polling firm, polling agency.

* empresa dedicada al proceso del cereal = corn processor.

* empresa de grandes derroches = high roller.

* empresa de investigación = research firm.

* empresa de la limpieza = cleaning firm.

* empresa de liempza = cleaning business.

* empresa de limpieza = janitorial business.

* empresa de medios de comunicación = media company.

* empresa de mudanzas = mover.

* empresa de nuestro grupo = sister company, sister organisation.

* empresa de nueva creación = this sort of thing, startup [start-up].

* empresa de ordenadores = computer company.

* empresa de reparto de paquetes = package delivery company.

* empresa de seguridad = security firm.

* empresa de servicios = service organisation, service agency, service company.

* empresa de servicios de información = information broker, broker, information broking.

* empresa de servicio social = social utility.

* empresa de servicios públicos = public utility, utility company.

* empresa de solera = established player.

* empresa de telecomunicaciones = computer bureau.

* empresa de trabajo = industrial affiliation.

* empresa de un grupo = operating company.

* empresa de viajes = travel company.

* empresa en la que sólo pueden trabajar empleados que pertenezcan a un sindic = close shop.

* empresa farmacéutica = drug company.

* empresa filial = subsidiary company.

* empresa hipotecaria = mortgage company.

* empresa industrial = industrial firm.

* empresa organizadora de congresos = conference organiser.

* empresa privada = private vendor, private company, private business, private firm.

* empresa pública = civilian employer, public firm.

* empresas americanas, las = corporate America.

* empresa sindicada = union shop.

* empresa televisiva = television company.

* empresa transportadora = shipper, shipping agent.

* en toda la empresa = company-wide, systemwide.

* específico de las empresas = company-specific.

* fusión de empresas = consolidation.

* gasto de empresa = business expense.

* gestión de empresas = business management.

* grupo de empresas = business group.

* guardería de la empresa = workplace crêche.

* información sobre empresas = business intelligence.

* intranet de empresa = corporate intranet.

* libro de empresa = organisation manual.

* mercado de la empresa = corporate market.

* mundo de la empresa = business world.

* mundo de la empresa, el = corporate world, the.

* mundo de las empresas = business environment.

* página web de empresa = business site, corporate site.

* para toda la empresa = company-wide, enterprise-wide.

* partícipe en la empresa = corporate insider.

* patrocinado por la propia empresa = company-sponsored.

* pequeña empresa = small business.

* persona de la propia empresa = insider.

* programa de prácticas en la empresa = internship program(me), internship.

* programa mixto de clases y práctica en la empresa = sandwich programme.

* propiedad de la empresa = company-owned.

* PYME (Pequeña y Mediana Empresa) = SME (Small and Medium Sized Enterprise).

* que afecta a toda la empresa = enterprise-wide.

* sitio web de empresa = business site, corporate site.

* trabajador cualificado contratado de otra empresa = lateral hire.

* ya parte de la empresa = on board.

empresa²

² = enterprise, scheme, venture, quest, operation, undertaking.

Ex: Only those who have attempted to edit the proceedings of a conference can appreciate the magnitude and scope of such an enterprise.

Ex: There are forty-six centres in twenty-five countries participating in the scheme.

Ex: However rudimentary or advanced the system, and no matter what the age of the children involved, certain matters should be considered before setting out on the venture.

Ex: It is a quest without a satisfactory conclusion - a holy grail of librarianship.

Ex: When he was younger he really turned the library around, from a backwater, two-bit operation to the respected institution it is today.

Ex: Since the file from 1966-1975 contains some 2,500,000 references, a search of the complete data base is a fairly large-scale undertaking.

* empresa descabellada = fool's errand.

* empresa próspera = success story.

* * *

empresa

feminine

A

1 (compañía) company, firm ( BrE)

empresa filial subsidiary company

mediano, pequeño¹ (↑ pequeño (1))

2 (dirección) management

la empresa no se hace responsable de … the management cannot accept liability for …

libre¹ (↑ libre (1))

Compuestos:

● empresa debutante

start-up

● empresa de servicios públicos

public utility company, public utility

● empresa mecenas

sponsors (pl) ( of an artistic event)

● empresa privada

private sector company

● empresa pública

public sector company

● empresa tiburón

raider

● empresa unipersonal

masculine and feminine (Ur) self-employed person, sole trader ( BrE)

B (tarea, labor) venture, undertaking

nos hemos embarcado en una arriesgada empresa we've undertaken a risky venture

pereció en la empresa ( liter); she perished in the attempt ( liter)

* * *

empresa sustantivo femenino
1 ( compañía) company, firm (BrE);
◊ empresa pública public sector company

2 (tarea, labor) venture, undertaking
empresa sustantivo femenino
1 Com Ind company, firm
empresa pública, state-owned company
2 (proyecto, tarea) undertaking, task: es una empresa muy arriesgada, it's a very risky venture
' empresa' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
administración
- ámbito
- amenaza
- asegurar
- bacalao
- casa
- CEPYME
- compañía
- constructor
- constructora
- contabilidad
- contrata
- dar
- decorar
- deficitaria
- deficitario
- definitivamente
- departamento
- depurar
- dirección
- dirigir
- diversificarse
- económica
- económico
- ejecutiva
- ensalzar
- entablar
- escala
- escáner
- espaldarazo
- estatal
- estructuración
- forjar
- gestión
- hipotecar
- hostelería
- imagen
- imposición
- inspección
- juez
- lanzamiento
- ligarse
- llevar
- mecánica
- nacional
- negocio
- negrera
- negrero
- patrón
- patrona
English:
administration
- amount to
- association
- audit
- backbone
- bankrupt
- base
- be
- being
- boss
- branch out
- builder
- business
- by-law
- carrier
- climb down
- cock-up
- collapse
- come in
- company
- creativity
- credit bureau
- dark horse
- deal with
- department
- developer
- disorganized
- division
- do
- down-market
- effective
- engineer
- enter
- enterprise
- equal
- established
- exploit
- firm
- fixture
- float
- flourish
- go down
- go under
- head
- house
- in-house
- insider
- intimidate
- launch
- launching

* * *

empresa nf

1. [sociedad] company;

pequeña y mediana empresa small and medium-sized business;

prohibido fijar carteles: responsable la empresa anunciadora [en letrero] post o stick no bills: advertisers will be held liable

Comp
empresa común joint venture;
empresa conjunta joint venture;

empresa filial subsidiary;

empresa funeraria undertaker's;

empresa júnior junior enterprise, = firm set up and run by business studies students;

empresa libre, libre empresa free enterprise;

empresa matriz parent company;

empresa mixta mixed company;

empresa privada private company;

empresa pública public sector firm;

empresa punto com dot.com (company);

empresa de seguridad security firm;

empresa de servicio público public utility, US public service corporation;

empresa de servicios service company;

empresa de trabajo temporal Br temping o US temp agency;

empresa de transportes Br haulage o US trucking firm;
Urug empresa unipersonal sole trader, one person business
2. [dirección] management;

las negociaciones con la empresa the negotiations with management

3. [acción] enterprise, undertaking;

se embarcó en una peligrosa empresa he embarked on a risky enterprise o undertaking

* * *

empresa

f

1 company;

gran empresa large company;

pequeña empresa small business;

mediana empresa medium-sized business

2 fig

venture, undertaking

* * *

empresa nf

1) compañía, firma: company, corporation, firm

2) : undertaking, venture

* * *

empresa n

1. (entidad) company [pl. companies]

una empresa naviera a shipping company

2. (negocio) business [pl. businesses]

una empresa familiar a family business

Spanish-English dictionary > empresa
6 privat

I Adj. private; (vertraulich) auch confidential; (persönlich) auch personal; (in Privatbesitz) auch privately owned; das ist meine private Meinung that’s my personal opinion; es ist ganz privat it’s strictly private; an privat to private individuals; von privat from private individuals; etwas Privates besprechen talk about something personal ( oder a personal matter); die private Wirtschaft the private sector; die Privaten umg. commercial TV, private channnels

II Adv. privately, in private; jemanden ( nicht) privat kennen (not) know s.o. socially; jemanden privat kennen lernen get to know s.o. socially ( oder away from work); jemanden privat sprechen / besuchen speak to s.o. privately ( oder in private) / visit s.o. at home; jemanden privat unterbringen put s.o. up at a private place; haben Sie privat mit ihr zu tun? do you have any private contact with her?; privat ist sie ganz anders in private ( oder at home) she’s a different person; sich privat versichern get private insurance; ich bin privat versichert I am privately insured; jemanden privat behandeln MED. treat s.o. privately, give s.o. private treatment

* * *

private; intimate

* * *
pri|vat [pri'vaːt]
1. adj
private; Telefonnummer auch home attr
etw an Privat verkaufen/von Privat kaufen (Comm) — to sell sth to/to buy sth from private individuals

aus privater Hand — from private individuals

2. adv

1) (= als Privatperson) privately

privat wohnt sie in einer Villa — she lives in a villa

privat ist der Chef sehr freundlich — the boss is very friendly out(side) of work

privat ist er ganz anders — he's quite different socially

jdn privat sprechen — to speak to sb privately or in private

2) (von Privatpersonen) finanzieren, unterstützen privately

3)

(= individuell) jdn privat unterbringen — to put sb up privately

ich sagte es ihm ganz privat — I told him in private

4)

(= nicht gesetzlich) privat versichert sein — to be privately insured

privat behandelt werden — to have private treatment

privat liegen — to be in a private ward

* * *

1) (of, for, or belonging to, one person or group, not to the general public: The headmaster lives in a private apartment in the school; in my private (=personal) opinion; This information is to be kept strictly private; You shouldn't listen to private conversations.) private

2) privately

* * *

pri·vat

[priˈva:t]

I. adj

1. (jdm persönlich gehörend) private

\privates Eigentum private property

2. (persönlich) personal

er hat alle Autos von \privat gekauft he bought all the cars from private individuals

ich möchte nur an \privat verkaufen I only want to sell to private individuals

\private Angelegenheiten private affairs

\privater Anleger private investor

\private Ausgaben private expenditure no pl

\private Unterbringung von ausländischen Wertpapieren private negotiation of foreign securities

\privater Verbrauch personal consumption

\privater Verkauf eines Aktienpakets private sale of a block of shares

3. (nicht öffentlich) private

eine \private Schule a private [or BRIT a. public] school

eine \private Vorstellung a private [or AM closed] performance

II. adv

1. (nicht geschäftlich) privately

jdn \privat sprechen to speak to sb in private [or privately]

\privat können Sie mich unter dieser Nummer erreichen you can reach me at home under this number

sie ist an dem Wohl ihrer Mitarbeiter auch \privat interessiert she is also interested in the welfare of her staff outside of office hours

2. FIN, MED

\privat behandelt werden to have private treatment

\privat liegen to be in a private ward

sich akk \privat versichern to take out a private insurance

etw \privat finanzieren to finance sth out of one's own savings

* * *
1.
Adjektiv private; personal <opinion, happiness, etc.>

an/von Privat — to/from private individuals pl
2.
adverbial privately

jemanden privat sprechen — speak to somebody in private or privately

* * *

privat

A. adj private; (vertraulich) auch confidential; (persönlich) auch personal; (in Privatbesitz) auch privately owned;

das ist meine private Meinung that’s my personal opinion;

es ist ganz privat it’s strictly private;

an privat to private individuals;

von privat from private individuals;

etwas Privates besprechen talk about something personal ( oder a personal matter);

die private Wirtschaft the private sector;

die Privaten umg commercial TV, private channnels

B. adv privately, in private;

jemanden (nicht) privat kennen (not) know sb socially;

jemanden privat kennenlernen get to know sb socially ( oder away from work);

jemanden privat sprechen/besuchen speak to sb privately ( oder in private)/visit sb at home;

jemanden privat unterbringen put sb up at a private place;

haben Sie privat mit ihr zu tun? do you have any private contact with her?;

privat ist sie ganz anders in private ( oder at home) she’s a different person;

sich privat versichern get private insurance;

ich bin privat versichert I am privately insured;

jemanden privat behandeln MED treat sb privately, give sb private treatment

* * *
1.
Adjektiv private; personal <opinion, happiness, etc.>

an/von Privat — to/from private individuals pl
2.
adverbial privately

jemanden privat sprechen — speak to somebody in private or privately

* * *

adj.

private adj. adv.

privately adv.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > privat
7 lucrativo

adj.

lucrative, gainful, productive, money-making.

* * *

lucrativo

► adjetivo

1 lucrative, profitable

* * *

(f. - lucrativa)

adj.

lucrative, profitable

* * *

ADJ lucrative, profitable

organización no lucrativa — non-profitmaking organization, not-for-profit organization

* * *

- va adjetivo lucrative, profitable

una entidad sin fines lucrativos — a nonprofit (AmE) o (BrE) non-profit-making organization

* * *

= lucrative, profit-related, money-making.

Ex. There is a tendency also for solicitors' offices to be located in the more affluent areas, rather than less lucrative, deprived communities.

Ex. However these distinctions are not always clear cut, the public sector may pursue profit-related goals and the private sector may adopt other goals besides profit (improving work environments, quality of life).

Ex. Few booksellers regard their shops simply as money-making enterprises: they believe good bookshops are at least as much a cultural necessity as the public libraries.

----

* con fines lucrativos = profit-generating.

* negocio lucrativo = lucrative business.

* no lucrativo = non-profit [nonprofit], non-profit making.

* sin fines lucrativos = non-profit [nonprofit], non-profit making.

* * *

- va adjetivo lucrative, profitable

una entidad sin fines lucrativos — a nonprofit (AmE) o (BrE) non-profit-making organization

* * *

= lucrative, profit-related, money-making.

Ex: There is a tendency also for solicitors' offices to be located in the more affluent areas, rather than less lucrative, deprived communities.

Ex: However these distinctions are not always clear cut, the public sector may pursue profit-related goals and the private sector may adopt other goals besides profit (improving work environments, quality of life).

Ex: Few booksellers regard their shops simply as money-making enterprises: they believe good bookshops are at least as much a cultural necessity as the public libraries.

* con fines lucrativos = profit-generating.

* negocio lucrativo = lucrative business.

* no lucrativo = non-profit [nonprofit], non-profit making.

* sin fines lucrativos = non-profit [nonprofit], non-profit making.

* * *

lucrativo -va

adjective

lucrative, profitable

una entidad sin fines lucrativos a nonprofit ( AmE) o ( BrE) non-profit-making organization

* * *

lucrativo
◊ -va adjetivo

lucrative, profitable;
una entidad sin fines lucrativos a nonprofit (AmE) o (BrE) non-profit-making organization
lucrativo,-a adjetivo lucrative
un negocio lucrativo, a lucrative business

' lucrativo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
lucrativa
English:
lucrative
- money

* * *

lucrativo, -a adj

lucrative;

no lucrativo non-profit-making, US not-for-profit

* * *

lucrativo

adj lucrative

* * *

lucrativo, -va adj

: lucrative, profitable

♦ lucrativamente adv

Spanish-English dictionary > lucrativo
8 frei

I Adj.

1. free; freier Bürger HIST. freeborn citizen, freeman; ein freier Mensch (der tun kann, was er will) a free agent; sie ist frei zu gehen, wenn sie will she is free to go if she wishes; ich bin so frei altm. oder hum. sich bedienend etc.: if I may; ich war so frei, Ihr Auto zu nehmen oder und nahm Ihr Auto I took the liberty of using your car, I helped myself to your car

2. Wahl, Wille etc.: free; Zugang: unrestricted, unlimited; (unbehindert) unrestrained; „frei ab 16“ Film: 16 (= no admission to persons under 16 years), Am. etwa R(-rated); jetzt haben wir freie Fahrt mit Zug: the signal’s green now, the train can go now; mit Auto: the road’s clear now; fig. there’s nothing to stop us now; auf freiem Fuß sein be free; Verbrecher: be at large; jemanden auf freien Fuß setzen set s.o. free, let s.o. go; das Recht auf freie Meinungsäußerung the right of free speech ( oder of self-expression); aus freien Stücken oder freiem Willen of one’s own free will; die freie Wahl haben zwischen... und... be free to choose between... and...

3. (unabhängig, selbstständig) Stadt etc.: free; Beruf, Tankstelle etc.: independent; (nicht gebunden) unattached; Journalist, Künstler etc.: freelance; die freien Künste the liberal arts; freier Mitarbeiter freelance(r); Freie2

4. im Namen von Organisationen etc.: Freie Demokratische Partei (abgek. FDP) Free Democratic Party; Freie Deutsche Jugend (abgek. FDJ) HIST., ehem. DDR Free German Youth; Freier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (abgek. FDGB) HIST., ehem. DDR Free German Trade Union Organization; die Freie Hansestadt Bremen the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen; die Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg the Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg

5. WIRTS.: im freien Handel available in the shops (Am. in stores); freier Markt open market; Börse: unofficial market; freie Marktwirtschaft free market economy; freier Wechselkurs floating exchange rate; ( die) freie Wirtschaft free enterprise; die Rechte an diesem Buchtitel werden bald frei the rights in this title will soon be free ( oder available)

6. (unbesetzt) Stuhl, Raum etc.: free, available; Leitung: vacant; Stelle: vacant, open; Straße etc.: clear, empty; (unbeschrieben) Seite etc.: blank; frei am WC: vacant; am Taxi: for hire; freie Stelle vacancy; ist hier oder der Platz noch frei? is this seat taken?, is anyone sitting here?; der Stuhl / die Zeile muss frei bleiben the chair must be kept free / the line must be left blank; Platz frei lassen / machen für leave / make space for; jemandem den Weg frei machen clear the way for s.o.; zwei Zeilen frei lassen leave two blank lines; Bahn, Ring, Zimmer

7. (unbedeckt) bare; der Rock lässt die Knie frei the skirt is above the knee; den Oberkörper frei machen strip to the waist

8. Feld, Himmel, Sicht: open; aufs freie Meer hinaus out into the open sea; auf freier Strecke on an open stretch (EISENB. of line, Straße: of road); in freier Wildbahn in the wild; unter freiem Himmel in the open (air), outside

9. Tag, Zeit etc.: free; nachgestellt: off; Person: free, not busy; freie Zeit free ( oder leisure) time; nächsten Dienstag ist frei next Tuesday is a holiday; hast du morgen frei? do you have tomorrow off?; seitdem habe ich keine freie Minute mehr since then I haven’t had a free moment ( oder a moment to myself); sind Sie ( gerade) frei? Taxi: are you taken?; Verkäufer: are you serving someone?

10. (kostenlos) free (of charge); freier Eintritt admission free ( für to); Kinder unter sechs sind frei umg. von Eintritt, Fahrgeld: children under six are free, no charge for children under six; 20 kg Gepäck sind frei there is a baggage (bes. Am. luggage) allowance of 20kg; frei Haus carriage paid; Lieferung frei Haus free delivery, no delivery charge; dazu bekommt sie auch noch einen Job frei Haus fig. what’s more she gets a job handed to her on a plate; du hast noch zwei Versuche frei fig. you have two tries left

11. frei von (ohne) free from ( oder of), without; von Eis, Schneeschicht etc.: clear of; von Steuern etc. befreit: exempt from; frei von Schmerzen free from pain; frei von Schulden free from debt; frei von Zusätzen free of additives; niemand ist frei von Fehlern / Vorurteilen nobody is perfect / free from prejudice

12. sich frei machen von free o.s. of; (herauskommen aus) get out of; (loswerden) get rid of

13. fig. (ungezwungen) free and easy; (offen) open; (moralisch großzügig) liberal; freie Liebe free love; sie ist schon viel freier geworden she has loosened up a great deal

14. fig. Übersetzung: free; freie Hand haben have a free hand ( bei with); jemandem freie Hand lassen give s.o. a free hand ( bei with); aus oder mit der freien Hand zeichnen (ohne Hilfsmittel) draw s.th. freehand

15. Sport (ungedeckt) unmarked; zum nächsten freien Mitspieler passen pass to the nearest unmarked player; der freie Mann ( vor der Abwehr) the sweeper

16. POST. (frankiert) prepaid, post paid

17. PHYS.; Elektron, Fall, Radikal etc.: free; CHEM. uncombined; im freien Fall in free fall; frei werden Energie etc.: be released; freie Valenzen CHEM. free valencies

II Adv.

1. atmen, herumlaufen etc.: freely; frei geboren freeborn; frei laufende Hühner free-range hens; Eier von frei laufenden Hühnern free-range eggs; frei lebende Tiere wildlife Sg., animals living in the wild ( oder out of captivity); frei praktizierender Arzt doctor in private practice

2. herumliegen etc.: openly; frei zugänglich von allen Seiten: freely accessible; für alle: open to all; frei stehen Baum, Haus etc.: stand by itself; SPORT, Spieler: be unmarked; frei stehend Baum: solitary; Haus, nicht angebaut: detached; einzeln: isolated; SPORT, Spieler: unmarked

3. WIRTS.: frei erhältlich freely available; frei finanziert privately financed; frei konvertierbar freely convertible; frei verkäuflich on general sale, freely available (to buy)

4. TECH.: frei beweglich freely moving, mobile; frei hängend oder schwebend unsupported

5. frei ( und offen) openly, frankly, freely; frank, freiheraus

6. frei sprechen Redner: speak without notes; mit Handy im Auto: phone ( oder talk) hands-free, use the speaker phone; ich möchte den Vortrag frei halten I want to give the lecture without notes; einen Kreis frei zeichnen draw a circle freehand; das Kind kann schon frei laufen / stehen the child can walk / stand unaided

7. frei erfunden (entirely) fictitious; das hat er frei erfunden he made that up; frei nach ( einem Stück von) X freely adapted from (a play by) X

8. (liberal) liberally; frei erzogen sein have had a liberal upbringing

* * *

at liberty (Adv.);

(freimütig) frank (Adj.);

(nicht versklavt) unenslaved (Adj.);

(unbefahren) clear (Adj.);

(unbesetzt) vacant (Adj.);

(unentgeltlich) gratis (Adj.); free (Adj.);

(ungebunden) independent (Adj.); free (Adj.); unfettered (Adj.); unattached (Adj.); unengaged (Adj.)

* * *
[frai]
1. ADJEKTIV

1) = unbehindert free

frei von etw — free of sth

sich von etw frei halten — to avoid sth; von Vorurteilen etc to be free of sth; von Verpflichtungen to keep oneself free of sth

sich von etw frei machen — to free oneself from sth

die Straße frei geben/machen — to open/clear the road

jdm den Weg frei geben — to let sb past or by

sie hatte einen freien Blick aufs Meer — she had a clear view of the sea

der Film ist frei ( für Jugendliche) ab 16 (Jahren) — this film is suitable for persons aged 16 years and over

frei sein (Sport) — to be free or not marked

ich bin so frei (form) — may I?diams; frei + SubstantivSiehe auch unter dem Eintrag für das jeweilige Substantiv.

freier Durchgang — thoroughfare

von Kiel nach Hamburg hatten wir freie Fahrt — we had a clear run from Kiel to Hamburg

einem Zug freie Fahrt geben — to give a train the " go" signal

der Polizist gab uns freie Fahrt — the policeman signalled (Brit) or signaled (US) us on

für etw freie Fahrt geben (fig) — to give sth the go-ahead

der freie Fall (Phys) — free fall

auf freiem Fuß sein — to be free

freie Hand haben — to have a free hand

jdm freie Hand lassen — to give sb free rein, to give sb a free hand

das Recht der freien Rede or auf freie Rede — the right of free speech, the right to freedom of speech

freie Rhythmen — free verse

aus freien Stücken — of one's own free will

jdm zur freien Verfügung stehen — to be completely at sb's disposal

aus freiem Willen — of one's own free will

freier Zugang — unlimited or unrestricted access

freier Zutritt — unrestricted access

2) = unabhängig free; Schriftsteller, Journalist etc freelance; (= nicht staatlich) privatediams; frei + SubstantivSiehe auch unter dem Eintrag für das jeweilige Substantiv.

freier Beruf — independent profession

Freie Demokratische Partei — Free Democratic Party

Freie Deutsche Jugend (DDR) — youth wing of the former East German Socialist Unity Party

Freier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (DDR) — Trades Union Congress of the former East Germany

Freie Hansestadt Bremen — Free Hansa Town of Bremen

Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg — Free Hansa Town of Hamburg

freier Markt — free market

freie Marktwirtschaft — free-market economy

freier Mitarbeiter — freelance, freelancer

freier Mitarbeiter sein — to be freelance

als freier Mitarbeiter arbeiten — to work freelance

freie Reichsstadt (Hist) — free city of the Empire

freie Tankstelle — independent petrol (Brit) or gas (US) station

die freie Wirtschaft — private enterprise

in die freie Wirtschaft gehen — to go into the private sector

3) = verfügbar Mittel, Geld available; Zeit free

Herr Mayer ist jetzt frei — Mr Mayer is free now

ich bin jetzt frei für ihn — I can see him now; (am Telefon) I can speak to him now

4)

= arbeitsfrei morgen/Mittwoch ist frei — tomorrow/Wednesday is a holiday

See:

→ auch freibekommen, freigeben, freihaben, freinehmen

5)

= ohne Hilfsmittel etw aus freier Hand zeichnen — to draw sth freehand

ein Vortrag in freier Rede — an extemporary talk

6) = unbesetzt Zimmer, Toilette vacant; Taxi for hire

ist hier noch frei?, ist dieser Platz noch frei? — is anyone sitting here?, is this seat free?

im Kino/Flugzeug waren noch zehn freie Plätze — in the cinema/plane there were still ten seats free

"frei" (an Taxi) — "for hire"; (an Toilettentür) "vacant"

"Zimmer frei" — "vacancies"

haben Sie noch etwas frei? (in Hotel) — do you have any vacancies?

bei HarperCollins sind einige Stellen frei — there are some vacancies at HarperCollins

"Ausfahrt/Einfahrt frei halten" — "keep clear"

einen Platz für jdn frei lassen — to keep a seat for sb

für etw Platz frei lassen/machen — to leave/make room for sth

eine Wohnung frei machen — to vacate a flat

7)

= offen unter freiem Himmel — in the open air

im freien Raum (Astron) — in (outer) space

auf freier Strecke (Rail) — between stations

eine Frage/Aussage im freien Raum stehen lassen — to leave a question/statement hanging in mid-air

See:

→ Freie(s), Feld

8) = kostenlos free

Eintritt frei — admission free

frei Schiff — free on board

9) = unkonventionell Sitten, Erziehung liberal

freie Liebe — free love

10) = unbekleidet bare

mit freiem Oberkörper — stripped to the waist

11) = ungeschützt Autor out of copyright

seit die Rechte an Karl May frei geworden sind — since Karl May's books have been out of copyright

2. ADVERB

1) = ungehindert freely; sprechen openly

frei beweglich —

frei hängend — suspended

frei erfunden — purely fictional

er hat das frei erfunden — he made it up

frei schalten und walten — to do what one wants

das ist frei wählbar — you can choose as you please, it's completely optional

frei definierbare Zeichen (Comput) — user-definable characters

frei laufend (Hunde, Katzen) — feral; Huhn free-range

Eier von frei laufenden Hühnern — free-range eggs

frei herumlaufen (inf) — to be free, to be running around free (inf)

der Verbrecher läuft immer noch frei herum — the criminal is still at largediams; frei lebend Wölfe, Mustangherden etc living in the wild; Katzen, Stadttauben feral; Mikroorganismen free-livingdiams; frei stehen (Haus) to stand by itself; (Sport) to be free or not marked

ein frei stehendes Gebäude — a free-standing building → auch cdiams; frei nach based on

frei nach Goethe (Zitat) — as Goethe didn't say

2)

= ungezwungen sich frei und ungezwungen verhalten, frei und locker auftreten — to have a relaxed manner, to be easy-going

sie benimmt sich etwas zu frei — she's rather free in her behaviour (Brit) or behavior (US)

3) = ohne Hilfsmittel unaided, without help

das Kind kann frei stehen — the child can stand on its own or without any help

frei schwimmen — to swim unaided

frei in der Luft schweben — to hang in mid-air

frei sprechen —

frei finanziert (Wohnungsbau) — privately financed

* * *

1) (free from difficulty or obstacles: a clear road ahead.) clear

2) ((often with of) without (risk of) being touched, caught etc: Is the ship clear of the rocks? clear of danger.) clear

3) ((often with of) free: clear of debt; clear of all infection.) clear

4) (allowed to move where one wants; not shut in, tied, fastened etc: The prison door opened, and he was a free man.) free

5) (not forced or persuaded to act, think, speak etc in a particular way: free speech; You are free to think what you like.) free

6) (frank, open and ready to speak: a free manner.) free

7) (not working or having another appointment; not busy: I shall be free at five o'clock.) free

8) (not occupied, not in use: Is this table free?) free

9) free

10) (not tied; free: The horses are loose in the field.) loose

11) (not at work: He's taking tomorrow off; He's off today.) off

12) (empty or unoccupied: a vacant chair; Are there any rooms vacant in this hotel?) vacant

13) (empty or vacant: The room/seat was unoccupied.) unoccupied

14) (not busy: I paint in my unoccupied hours / when I'm otherwise unoccupied.) unoccupied

* * *

frei

[frai]

I. adj

1. (nicht gefangen, unabhängig) free

\freier Autor/Übersetzer freelance writer/translator

die \freie Hansestadt Hamburg the Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg

\freie Kirche free church

ein \freier Mann/eine \freie Frau a free man/woman

ein \freier Gedanke free thought

[Recht auf] \freie Meinungsäußerung [right to] freedom of speech

ein \freier Mensch a free person

\freier Mitarbeiter/ \freie Mitarbeiterin freelance[r]

eine \freie Übersetzung a free translation

etw zur \freien Verfügung haben to have sth at free disposal

\freie Wahl haben to be free to choose

aus \freiem Willen [o \freien Stücken] of one's own free will

es war sein \freier Wille auszuwandern he emigrated of his own free will

\frei und ungebunden footloose and fancy-free

sich akk von etw dat \frei machen to free oneself from sth

2. (freie Zeit) free

ein \freier Tag a holiday; (von Schule, Job) a day off

drei Tage/eine Woche \frei haben to have three days/a week off

nächsten Donnerstag ist \frei, da ist Feiertag we've got next Thursday off - it's a holiday

[sich dat] drei Tage/eine Woche \frei machen [o nehmen] to take three days/a week off

er hat sich \frei genommen, da seine Tochter krank ist he's taken [some] time off because his daughter is ill

\freie Zeit haben to have spare time

3. (verfügbar) available

es sind noch Mittel für kulturelle Veranstaltungen \frei there are still funds available for cultural events

der Film ist ab 14 Jahren \frei the film is suitable for children from 14 years on

sich akk [für jdn/etw] \frei machen to make oneself available [for sb/sth]

▪ \frei [für jdn] sein to be free [to see/speak to sb]

4. (nicht besetzt/belegt) free; am WC vacant

ist dieser Platz noch \frei? is this seat [already] taken?

haben Sie noch ein Zimmer \frei? do you still have a room available?

den Eingang \frei machen to clear the entrance

einen Platz \frei lassen to keep a seat free

einen Platz \frei machen to vacate a seat form

eine \freie Stelle a vacant position

ein \freies Zimmer a vacant room

„Zimmer frei“ “rooms to rent”

5. (kostenlos) free; Lieferung free [of charge]; Postsendung prepaid

der Eintritt ist \frei entrance is free

Kinder unter 6 Jahren sind \frei children below the age of six are admitted free

20 kg Gepäck sind \frei 20 kg of luggage are allowed

„Eintritt \frei“ “admission free”

„Lieferung \frei Haus“ free home delivery

6. (ohne etw)

▪ \frei von etw dat sein to be free of sth

die Straßen sind \frei von Eis the streets are clear of ice

kein Mensch ist \frei von Fehlern nobody is perfect

\frei von Konservierungsstoffen free from preservatives

\frei von Schmerzen sein not to suffer any pain, to be free of pain

\frei von Schuld blameless

7. (ohne Hilfsmittel) off-the-cuff

etw mit \freier Hand zeichnen to draw sth freehand

\freie Rede/ \freier Vortrag impromptu speech/lecture

eine \freie Rede halten to speak off-the-cut

8. (auslassen)

eine Zeile \frei lassen to leave a line free

9. (offen) open

der Zug hält auf \freier Strecke the train stops in the open country

\freie Aussicht [o \freier Blick] unhampered view

\freies Gelände open country

unter \freiem Himmel open air

das \freie Meer the open sea

10. (ungezwungen) free and easy

ihre Auffassungen sind mir doch etwas zu \frei her views are a little too liberal for me

er ist viel \freier geworden he has loosened up a lot fam

hier herrscht ein \freier Ton the atmosphere is very liberal here

\freie Liebe free love

ich bin so \frei (geh) if I may

ich bin so \frei und nehme mir noch ein Stück I'll have another piece if I may

11. (unbehindert) unhampered, unrestrained

\freie Entwicklung free development

12. (unbekleidet) bare

machen Sie bitte Ihren Arm \frei please roll up your sleeve

machen Sie bitte ihren Bauch \frei please uncover your stomach

sich akk \frei machen to get undressed

13. (unbeschrieben) blank

ein \freies Blatt a blank sheet of paper

Platz \frei lassen to leave a blank

14. (nicht gebunden) free, single

seit er sich von seiner Freundin getrennt hat, ist er wieder frei since he has split up with his girl-friend, he is single again

15. ÖKON free

\freier Kapital-/Warenverkehr free movement of capital/goods

\freie Marktwirtschaft free market economy

\freier Wechselkurs freely floating exchange rate

16. CHEM, PHYS released

Kräfte werden \frei forces are set free [or released]

\freier Kohlenstoff/ \freie Wärme uncombined carbon/heat

\freie Radikale free radicals

17. (ungefähr)

\frei nach... roughly quoting...

II. adv

1. (unbeeinträchtigt) freely

das Haus steht ganz \frei the house stands completely on its own

die Mörderin läuft immer noch \frei herum! the murderess is still on the loose!

\frei atmen to breathe easy

sich akk \frei entscheiden to decide freely

\frei finanziert privately financed

\frei stehen to stand alone [or by itself]

\frei verkäuflich for sale without restrictions

\frei zugänglich accessible from all sides

2. (ungezwungen) freely, openly

\frei erzogen liberally educated

\frei heraus sprechen to speak frankly

\frei improvisieren to improvise freely

3. (uneingeschränkt) casually

sich akk \frei bewegen können to be able to move in an uninhibited manner

4. (nach eigenem Belieben)

\frei erfunden to be completely made up

5. (gratis) free

Kinder unter 6 Jahren fahren \frei children below the age of six travel free

etw \frei bekommen to get sth free

6. (ohne Hilfsmittel)

ein Kabel \frei verlegen to lay a cable uncovered

\frei in der Luft schweben to hover unsupported in the air

\frei sprechen to speak off-the-cuff

7. (nicht gefangen) freely

\frei laufend Tiere free-range

Eier von \frei laufenden Hühnern eggs from free-range chickens

\frei lebend living in the wild

* * *
1.
Adjektiv

1) free <man, will, life, people, decision, etc.>

2) (nicht angestellt) freelance <writer, worker, etc.>

die freien Berufe — the independent professions

3) (ungezwungen) free and easy; lax (derog.)

4) (nicht eingesperrt, gefangen) free; at liberty pred.

5) (offen) open

unter freiem Himmel — in the open [air]; outdoors

auf freier Strecke — (Straße) on the open road; (Eisenbahn) between stations

ins Freie gehen — walk out into the open

frei lebende Tiere — animals living in the wild

frei herumlaufen — < person> run around scot-free

6) (unbesetzt) vacant; unoccupied; free

ein freier Stuhl/Platz — a vacant or free chair/seat

Entschuldigung, ist hier noch frei? — excuse me, is this anyone's seat etc.?

eine freie Stelle — a vacancy

ein Bett ist [noch] frei — one bed is [still] free or not taken

ist der Tisch frei? — is this table free?

einige Seiten frei lassen — leave some pages blank

7) (kostenlos) free <food, admission>

20 kg Gepäck frei haben — have or be allowed a 20 kilogram baggage allowance

Lieferung frei Haus — carriage free

8) (ungenau)

eine freie Übersetzung — a free or loose translation

9) (ohne Vorlage) improvised

10) (uneingeschränkt) free

der Zug hat freie Fahrt — the train can proceed

der freie Fall — (Physik) free fall

11)

von etwas frei/frei von etwas sein — be free of something

frei von Fehlern — without faults

12) (verfügbar) spare; free

ich habe heute frei/meinen freien Abend — I've got today off/this is my evening off

sich (Dat.) frei nehmen — (ugs.) take some time off

er ist noch/nicht mehr frei — he is still/no longer unattached

13) (ohne Hilfsmittel)

eine freie Rede — an extempore speech

14) (unbekleidet) bare

15) (bes. Fußball) unmarked

frei stehen — be unmarked

16) (Chemie, Physik) free

frei werden — (bei einer Reaktion) be given off

17) (in festen Wendungen)

freie Hand haben/jemandem freie Hand lassen — have/give somebody a free hand

aus freien Stücken — (ugs.) of one's own accord; voluntarily

jemanden auf freien Fuß setzen — set somebody free

auf freiem Fuß — (von Verbrechern etc.) at large
2.
adverbial <act, speak, choose> freely; < translate> freely, loosely

etwas frei heraus sagen — say something freely

eine Rede frei halten — make a speech without notes

* * *

frei

A. adj

1. free;

freier Bürger HIST freeborn citizen, freeman;

ein freier Mensch (der tun kann, was er will) a free agent;

sie ist frei zu gehen, wenn sie will she is free to go if she wishes;

ich bin so frei obs oder hum sich bedienend etc: if I may;

ich war so frei, Ihr Auto zu nehmen oder

und nahm Ihr Auto I took the liberty of using your car, I helped myself to your car

2. Wahl, Wille etc: free; Zugang: unrestricted, unlimited; (unbehindert) unrestrained;

„frei ab 16“ FILM 16 (= no admission to persons under 16 years), US etwa R(-rated);

jetzt haben wir freie Fahrt mit Zug: the signal’s green now, the train can go now; mit Auto: the road’s clear now; fig there’s nothing to stop us now;

auf freiem Fuß sein be free; Verbrecher: be at large;

jemanden auf freien Fuß setzen set sb free, let sb go;

das Recht auf freie Meinungsäußerung the right of free speech ( oder of self-expression);

aus freien Stücken oder

freiem Willen of one’s own free will;

die freie Wahl haben zwischen … und … be free to choose between … and …

3. (unabhängig, selbstständig) Stadt etc: free; Beruf, Tankstelle etc: independent; (nicht gebunden) unattached; Journalist, Künstler etc: freelance;

die freien Künste the liberal arts;

freier Mitarbeiter freelance(r); → Freie²

4. im Namen von Organisationen etc:

Freie Demokratische Partei (abk FDP) Free Democratic Party;

Freie Deutsche Jugend (abk FDJ) hist DDR Free German Youth;

Freier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (abk FDGB) hist DDR Free German Trade Union Organization;

die Freie Hansestadt Bremen the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen;

die Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg the Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg

5. WIRTSCH:

im freien Handel available in the shops (US in stores);

freier Markt open market; BÖRSE unofficial market;

freie Marktwirtschaft free market economy;

freier Wechselkurs floating exchange rate;

(die) freie Wirtschaft free enterprise;

die Rechte an diesem Buchtitel werden bald frei the rights in this title will soon be free ( oder available)

6. (unbesetzt) Stuhl, Raum etc: free, available; Leitung: vacant; Stelle: vacant, open; Straße etc: clear, empty; (unbeschrieben) Seite etc: blank;

frei am WC: vacant; am Taxi: for hire;

freie Stelle vacancy;

ist hier oder

der Platz noch frei? is this seat taken?, is anyone sitting here?;

der Stuhl/die Zeile muss frei bleiben the chair must be kept free/the line must be left blank;

Platz frei lassen/machen für leave/make space for;

jemandem den Weg frei machen clear the way for sb;

zwei Zeilen frei lassen leave two blank lines; → Bahn, Ring, Zimmer

7. (unbedeckt) bare;

der Rock lässt die Knie frei the skirt is above the knee;

den Oberkörper frei machen strip to the waist; → auch freilassen

8. Feld, Himmel, Sicht: open;

aufs freie Meer hinaus out into the open sea;

auf freier Strecke on an open stretch (BAHN of line, Straße: of road);

in freier Wildbahn in the wild;

unter freiem Himmel in the open (air), outside

9. Tag, Zeit etc: free; nachgestellt: off; Person: free, not busy;

freie Zeit free ( oder leisure) time;

nächsten Dienstag ist frei next Tuesday is a holiday;

hast du morgen frei? do you have tomorrow off?;

seitdem habe ich keine freie Minute mehr since then I haven’t had a free moment ( oder a moment to myself);

sind Sie (gerade) frei? Taxi: are you taken?; Verkäufer: are you serving someone?

10. (kostenlos) free (of charge);

freier Eintritt admission free (

für to);

Kinder unter sechs sind frei umg von Eintritt, Fahrgeld: children under six are free, no charge for children under six;

20 kg Gepäck sind frei there is a baggage (besonders US luggage) allowance of 20kg;

frei Haus carriage paid;

Lieferung frei Haus free delivery, no delivery charge;

dazu bekommt sie auch noch einen Job frei Haus fig what’s more she gets a job handed to her on a plate;

du hast noch zwei Versuche frei fig you have two tries left

11.

frei von (ohne) free from ( oder of), without; von Eis, Schneeschicht etc: clear of; von Steuern etc befreit: exempt from;

frei von Schmerzen free from pain;

frei von Schulden free from debt;

frei von Zusätzen free of additives;

niemand ist frei von Fehlern/Vorurteilen nobody is perfect/free from prejudice

12.

sich frei machen von free o.s. of; (herauskommen aus) get out of; (loswerden) get rid of

13. fig (ungezwungen) free and easy; (offen) open; (moralisch großzügig) liberal;

freie Liebe free love;

sie ist schon viel freier geworden she has loosened up a great deal

14. fig Übersetzung: free;

freie Hand haben have a free hand (

bei with);

jemandem freie Hand lassen give sb a free hand (

bei with);

aus oder

mit der freien Hand zeichnen (ohne Hilfsmittel) draw sth freehand

15. Sport (ungedeckt) unmarked;

zum nächsten freien Mitspieler passen pass to the nearest unmarked player;

der freie Mann (vor der Abwehr) the sweeper

16. Postwesen: (frankiert) prepaid, post paid

17. PHYS; Elektron, Fall, Radikal etc: free; CHEM uncombined;

im freien Fall in free fall;

frei werden Energie etc: be released;

freie Valenzen CHEM free valencies

B. adv

1. atmen, herumlaufen etc: freely;

frei geboren freeborn;

frei laufende Hühner free-range hens;

Eier von frei laufenden Hühnern free-range eggs;

frei lebende Tiere wildlife sg, animals living in the wild ( oder out of captivity);

frei praktizierender Arzt doctor in private practice;

frei halten (einen Platz) keep, save; (Straße, Einfahrt) keep clear; (Angebot, Stelle etc) keep open;

„Eingang frei halten!“ keep clear;

frei halten von keep free of; (Eingang, Straße etc) keep clear of;

jemanden von Erkältungen etc

frei halten keep sb free ( oder protect sb) from colds etc, keep colds etc away from sb;

sich frei halten keep o.s. free (

für for);

sich frei halten von ward off, avoid

2. herumliegen etc: openly;

frei zugänglich von allen Seiten: freely accessible; für alle: open to all;

frei stehen Baum, Haus etc: stand by itself; (leer stehen) be unoccupied, be empty; SPORT, Spieler: be unmarked;

frei stehend Baum: solitary; Haus, nicht angebaut: detached; einzeln: isolated; SPORT, Spieler: unmarked

3. WIRTSCH:

frei erhältlich freely available;

frei finanziert privately financed;

frei konvertierbar freely convertible;

frei verkäuflich on general sale, freely available (to buy)

4. TECH:

frei beweglich freely moving, mobile;

frei hängend oder

schwebend unsupported

5.

frei (und offen) openly, frankly, freely; → frank, freiheraus

6.

frei sprechen Redner: speak without notes; mit Handy im Auto: phone ( oder talk) hands-free, use the speaker phone;

ich möchte den Vortrag frei halten I want to give the lecture without notes;

einen Kreis frei zeichnen draw a circle freehand;

das Kind kann schon frei laufen/stehen the child can walk/stand unaided

7.

frei erfunden (entirely) fictitious;

das hat er frei erfunden he made that up;

frei nach (einem Stück von) X freely adapted from (a play by) X

8. (liberal) liberally;

frei erzogen sein have had a liberal upbringing; → auch freibekommen, freigeben etc

…frei im adj

1. (ohne …) Inhalt: …-free; Krankheit: free from …;

stickstofffrei nitrogen-free, non-nitrogenous;

tuberkulosefrei free from tuberculosis

2. nicht geschehend: non-…;

blendfrei Beleuchtung: non-dazzle;

repressionsfrei Erziehung: non-repressive;

schrumpffrei Wäsche: non-shrink, shrink-free

3. nicht verlangt: exempt from …, …-exempt;

visumfrei not requiring a visa, visa-exempt;

zuschlagfrei on which no supplement is payable, exempt from supplement

4. nicht bedeckt: Person: with bare …; Kleid: leaving … bare;

fesselfrei clear of the ankles;

nabelfrei with a bare midriff;

schulterfrei off-the-shoulder

5. unabhängig: independent of …;

bündnisfrei independent of any alliance, unallied;

reichsfrei HIST under the direct rule of the Emperor;

trustfrei non-trust

* * *
1.
Adjektiv

1) free <man, will, life, people, decision, etc.>

2) (nicht angestellt) freelance <writer, worker, etc.>

die freien Berufe — the independent professions

3) (ungezwungen) free and easy; lax (derog.)

4) (nicht eingesperrt, gefangen) free; at liberty pred.

5) (offen) open

unter freiem Himmel — in the open [air]; outdoors

auf freier Strecke — (Straße) on the open road; (Eisenbahn) between stations

ins Freie gehen — walk out into the open

frei lebende Tiere — animals living in the wild

frei herumlaufen — < person> run around scot-free

6) (unbesetzt) vacant; unoccupied; free

ein freier Stuhl/Platz — a vacant or free chair/seat

Entschuldigung, ist hier noch frei? — excuse me, is this anyone's seat etc.?

eine freie Stelle — a vacancy

ein Bett ist [noch] frei — one bed is [still] free or not taken

ist der Tisch frei? — is this table free?

einige Seiten frei lassen — leave some pages blank

7) (kostenlos) free <food, admission>

20 kg Gepäck frei haben — have or be allowed a 20 kilogram baggage allowance

Lieferung frei Haus — carriage free

8) (ungenau)

eine freie Übersetzung — a free or loose translation

9) (ohne Vorlage) improvised

10) (uneingeschränkt) free

der Zug hat freie Fahrt — the train can proceed

der freie Fall — (Physik) free fall

11)

von etwas frei/frei von etwas sein — be free of something

frei von Fehlern — without faults

12) (verfügbar) spare; free

ich habe heute frei/meinen freien Abend — I've got today off/this is my evening off

sich (Dat.) frei nehmen — (ugs.) take some time off

er ist noch/nicht mehr frei — he is still/no longer unattached

13) (ohne Hilfsmittel)

eine freie Rede — an extempore speech

14) (unbekleidet) bare

15) (bes. Fußball) unmarked

frei stehen — be unmarked

16) (Chemie, Physik) free

frei werden — (bei einer Reaktion) be given off

17) (in festen Wendungen)

freie Hand haben/jemandem freie Hand lassen — have/give somebody a free hand

aus freien Stücken — (ugs.) of one's own accord; voluntarily

jemanden auf freien Fuß setzen — set somebody free

auf freiem Fuß — (von Verbrechern etc.) at large
2.
adverbial <act, speak, choose> freely; < translate> freely, loosely

etwas frei heraus sagen — say something freely

eine Rede frei halten — make a speech without notes

* * *

adj.

clear adj.

detached adj.

free adj.

spare adj.

uncommitted adj.

unengaged adj.

unenslaved adj.

unfettered adj.

unrestricted adj.

untrapped adj. adv.

freely adv.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > frei
9 competencia

f.

1 competition (entre personas, empresas).

la competencia the competition

hacer la competencia a alguien to compete with somebody

competencia desleal (commerce) unfair competition

2 field, province (incumbency).

no es de mi competencia it's not my responsibility

3 competence.

4 competition. ( Latin American Spanish)

5 area of responsibility, terms of reference.

6 domain, scope.

7 jurisdiction, venue.

* * *

competencia

► nombre femenino

1 (rivalidad) competition, rivalry

■ hay una gran competencia entre los dos tenistas there's great competition between the two tennis players

2 (competidores) competitors plural, rival company

■ Emilio trabaja ahora para la competencia Emilio is now working for our competitors

3 (habilidad) competence, ability, proficiency

4 (incumbencia) responsibility; (jurisdicción) jurisdiction

■ este asunto no es de su competencia this matter is outside his jurisdiction, this matter is outside his area of responsibility

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

en competencia con in competition with

hacer la competencia a to compete with, compete against

* * *

noun f.

1) competence

2) competition

* * *

SF

1) (=rivalidad) competition

nos enfrentamos a la competencia de los productos norteamericanos — we are faced by competition from American products

existe una fuerte competencia entre las dos empresas por el control del mercado externo — the two companies are vying for control of the foreign market, there is fierce competition between the two companies for control of the foreign market

• competencia desleal — unfair competition

• competencia despiadada — ruthless competition

• en competencia con algn/algo — in competition with sb/sth

en competencia directa con el sector privado — in direct competition with the private sector

actúan en competencia con el estado — they are in competition with the state

• hacer la competencia a algn/algo — to compete with sb/sth

dos compañías nos hacen la competencia — we have two companies to compete with

¿me quieres hacer la competencia? — are you trying to compete with me?

• libre competencia — free competition

2) (=rival) competition

han conseguido hundir a la competencia — they have managed to beat the competition

ahora trabaja para la competencia — she's working for the competition now

la competencia tiene mejores ofertas — our competitors have better offers, the competition has better offers

3) (=capacidad) competence, ability

no dudo de tu competencia como abogado — I am not questioning your competence o ability as a lawyer

competencia lingüística — linguistic competence, linguistic ability

4) (=responsabilidad)

ese tema no es de mi competencia — that matter is outside my jurisdiction o my competence

esta decisión es competencia exclusiva del gobierno — this decision is the exclusive jurisdiction of the government, only the government is competent to deal with this decision

las competencias legales del Consejo de Administración — the jurisdiction o areas of competence of the Administrative Council

5) pl competencias (Pol) powers

competencias transferidas a las comunidades autónomas — powers devolved o transferred to the autonomous regions

6) LAm (Dep) competition

* * *

femenino

1)

a) ( pugna) competition, rivalry

siempre ha habido competencia entre ellos — there's always been rivalry o a lot of competition between them

hacerse la competencia — to be rivals o in competition

hacerle la competencia a alguien — to compete with somebody

la competencia es feroz — competition is fierce

b) (persona, entidad) competition

la competencia se nos adelantó — our competitors o the competition got in first

- competencia desleal

2) (de juez, tribunal) competence

es competencia del consejo — this is a matter for the council

este asunto no es de mi competencia — I have no authority o say in this matter

tienen competencias plenas en materia educativa — they have complete authority on educational issues

3)

a) (habilidad, aptitud) competence, ability

b) (Ling) competence

4) (AmL) (Dep) ( certamen) competition

•

- competencia de atletismo

* * *

= competence, competency, competition, proficiency, province, purview, joust.

Ex. In order that you should be able to perform these required skills with greater competence, selected elements of the theory of subject indexing will be included.

Ex. SLIS programmes intended to 'produce' librarians with competency in the use of IT have to be designed.

Ex. The published abstracting and indexing journal probably still retains its prominence, despite competition from its more fashionable rivals.

Ex. Factors here may be: Characteristics of the abstracting staff, such as their proficiency as abstractors, subject knowledge, and other duties demanding their time and attention.

Ex. The bibliographical control of such items is the province of in-house indexing.

Ex. This article discusses the fact that no library is able to acquire all published material within its subject purview.

Ex. The spirit, if not the content, of Marx can be the joust to rouse the sleepy theory of academic sociology.

----

* adelantarse a la competencia = get in + ahead of the field.

* bajo la competencia de = under the jurisdiction of.

* caer dentro de la competencia de = be the province of, fall within + the province of.

* competencia de precios = price competition.

* competencia lingüística = language competence.

* competencias de información = information literacy.

* competencias en información = information literacy.

* dentro de + Posesivo + competencia = within + Posesivo + jurisdiction.

* entrar bajo la competencia de = fall under + the purview of.

* entrar dentro de la competencia de = fall + under the purview of.

* entrar dentro de la competencia de Alguien = fall within + Posesivo + purview.

* estar dentro de la competencia de = be the province of.

* fomentar la competencia = cultivate + competition.

* fuera de + Posesivo + competencia = outside + Posesivo + jurisdiction.

* información sobre la competencia = business intelligence, competitive intelligence, competitor intelligence.

* mantenerse por delante de la competencia = keep + one step ahead of the game, keep + one step ahead of the competition.

* política de competencias = competition policy.

* por delante de la competencia = ahead of the game.

* Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia = Office of Fair Trade.

* ventaja sobre la competencia = competitive edge, competitive advantage.

* * *

femenino

1)

a) ( pugna) competition, rivalry

siempre ha habido competencia entre ellos — there's always been rivalry o a lot of competition between them

hacerse la competencia — to be rivals o in competition

hacerle la competencia a alguien — to compete with somebody

la competencia es feroz — competition is fierce

b) (persona, entidad) competition

la competencia se nos adelantó — our competitors o the competition got in first

- competencia desleal

2) (de juez, tribunal) competence

es competencia del consejo — this is a matter for the council

este asunto no es de mi competencia — I have no authority o say in this matter

tienen competencias plenas en materia educativa — they have complete authority on educational issues

3)

a) (habilidad, aptitud) competence, ability

b) (Ling) competence

4) (AmL) (Dep) ( certamen) competition

•

- competencia de atletismo

* * *

= competence, competency, competition, proficiency, province, purview, joust.

Ex: In order that you should be able to perform these required skills with greater competence, selected elements of the theory of subject indexing will be included.

Ex: SLIS programmes intended to 'produce' librarians with competency in the use of IT have to be designed.

Ex: The published abstracting and indexing journal probably still retains its prominence, despite competition from its more fashionable rivals.

Ex: Factors here may be: Characteristics of the abstracting staff, such as their proficiency as abstractors, subject knowledge, and other duties demanding their time and attention.

Ex: The bibliographical control of such items is the province of in-house indexing.

Ex: This article discusses the fact that no library is able to acquire all published material within its subject purview.

Ex: The spirit, if not the content, of Marx can be the joust to rouse the sleepy theory of academic sociology.

* adelantarse a la competencia = get in + ahead of the field.

* bajo la competencia de = under the jurisdiction of.

* caer dentro de la competencia de = be the province of, fall within + the province of.

* competencia de precios = price competition.

* competencia lingüística = language competence.

* competencias de información = information literacy.

* competencias en información = information literacy.

* dentro de + Posesivo + competencia = within + Posesivo + jurisdiction.

* entrar bajo la competencia de = fall under + the purview of.

* entrar dentro de la competencia de = fall + under the purview of.

* entrar dentro de la competencia de Alguien = fall within + Posesivo + purview.

* estar dentro de la competencia de = be the province of.

* fomentar la competencia = cultivate + competition.

* fuera de + Posesivo + competencia = outside + Posesivo + jurisdiction.

* información sobre la competencia = business intelligence, competitive intelligence, competitor intelligence.

* mantenerse por delante de la competencia = keep + one step ahead of the game, keep + one step ahead of the competition.

* política de competencias = competition policy.

* por delante de la competencia = ahead of the game.

* Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia = Office of Fair Trade.

* ventaja sobre la competencia = competitive edge, competitive advantage.

* * *

competencia

feminine

A

1 (pugna) competition, rivalry

siempre ha habido competencia entre ellos there's always been rivalry o a lot of competition between them

las dos compañías se hacen la competencia the two companies are rivals o are in competition

has sacado muy malas notas, ¿le estás haciendo la competencia a tu hermano? ( iró); you got very low grades, are you trying to compete with your brother? ( iro)

competencia desleal unfair competition

en ese campo la competencia es feroz competition is fierce in that field

2

(persona, entidad): la competencia se nos adelantó our competitors o the competition got in first

se fue a trabajar para la competencia he went to work for the opposition o for one of our competitors o for a rival company

Compuesto:

competencia desleal

unfair competition

B

(incumbencia, poder): no aceptó que el tribunal tuviera competencia para fallar he did not accept the court's competence to pass judgment o the court's authority o the court's jurisdiction

es competencia directa del consejo the council has direct responsibility for it o is directly responsible for it

este asunto no es de mi competencia I have no authority o say in this matter, this matter is outside my jurisdiction o my competence o my area of responsibility

tienen competencias plenas en materia educativa they have complete authority on o absolute power regarding educational issues

C

1 (habilidad, aptitud) competence, ability

no dudo de su competencia como profesional I have no doubts about his professional competence

2 ( Ling) competence

D ( AmL) ( Dep) (certamen) competition

Compuestos:

● competencia de atletismo

track and field meet ( AmE), athletics meeting ( BrE)

● competencia de atletismo en or de pista

track meet ( AmE), track events competition ( BrE)

* * *

competencia sustantivo femenino
1
a) ( pugna) competition, rivalry;

◊ hacerse la competencia to be rivals o in competition;

hacerle la competencia a algn to compete with sb
b) (persona, entidad) competition;

◊ la competencia se nos adelantó the competition got in first

c) (AmL) ( certamen) competition

2
a) (de juez, tribunal) competence;

◊ este asunto no es de mi competencia I have no authority o say in this matter

b) (habilidad, aptitud) competence, ability;

◊ falta de competencia incompetence

competencia sustantivo femenino
1 (entre competidores) competition
2 (responsabilidad) field, province: no es asunto de tu competencia, it's not up to you
3 (capacidad, aptitud) competence
' competencia' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
circunscribirse
- poner
- solvencia
- altura
- autoridad
- capacidad
- puntaje
English:
competence
- competition
- cutthroat
- dog-eat-dog
- keen
- opposition
- photo finish
- proficiency
- publicity
- unfair competition
- brief
- contest
- couple
- dog
- high
- muscle
- province
- rivalry

* * *

competencia nf

1. [entre personas, empresas] competition;

hay mucha competencia por conseguir ese contrato there's a lot of competition for that contract;

hacer la competencia a alguien to compete with sb

Comp
Com competencia desleal unfair competition
2. [persona, empresa]
la competencia the competition;

trabaja para la competencia he works for the competition

3. [incumbencia] field, province;

no es de mi competencia it's not my responsibility;

ese asunto es competencia de la policía that is a matter for the police;

los casos de terrorismo no son competencia de ese tribunal that court is not responsible for dealing with terrorism cases

4. [atribuciones]
competencias powers;

tienen competencias en materia de educación they have authority over educational matters

5. [aptitud] competence, ability;

un profesional de una gran competencia a very able o competent professional

6. Ling competence

Comp
competencia comunicativa communicative competence;
competencia lingüística linguistic competence

7. Am [deportiva] competition

* * *

competencia

f

1 ( habilidad) competence

2 entre rivales competition;

hacer la competencia a alguien/algo compete with s.o./sth

3 ( incumbencia) area of responsibility, competency;

eso no es de mi competencia that’s not my department

4 L.Am.
DEP competition
* * *

competencia nf

1) : competition, rivalry

2) : competence

* * *

competencia n

1. (rivalidad) competition

hay mucha competencia there's a lot of competition

2. (competidores) competitors / rival company

se fue a trabajar para la competencia he went to work for a rival company

3. (capacidad) ability

ha demostrado su competencia she's proved her ability

4. (responsabilidad) responsibility

es competencia del Estado the state is responsible for it

Spanish-English dictionary > competencia
10 asimilar

v.

1 to assimilate (idea, conocimientos, alimentos).

El cuerpo asimila los nutrientes The body assimilates the nutrients.

2 to compare.

3 to grant equal rights to.

4 to understand, to assimilate.

El estudiante asimiló la materia The student understood the subject.

5 to make alike, to conform.

6 to take in, to embrace.

* * *

asimilar

► verbo transitivo

1 to assimilate

* * *

verb

to assimilate

* * *

1.

VT to assimilate

2.

See:

asimilarse

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) <alimentos/ideas/cultura> to assimilate

2) ( equiparar)

asimilar algo/a alguien con or a algo/alguien — to put something/somebody on an equal footing with something/somebody

3) ( en boxeo) < golpes> to take, soak up (colloq)

* * *

= assimilate, digest, internalise [internalize, -USA], take in, co-opt, get + a handle on, have + a handle on.

Ex. The concern is that this sudden and increased flow of information is simply going to overwhelm us -- far more information than any of us can monitor and assimilate.

Ex. It remains important that the abstract be an accurate representation of the content of the document, and that the abstract be easy for the reader to scan and digest.

Ex. Such externalization helps learners internalize concepts, and organize relevant knowledge and generally leads to improved learning.

Ex. People like to browse the books and magazines, take in the ambiance, and be seen and perceived as a patron of the arts and literature.

Ex. Social workers accused librarians of moving into their territory, of co-opting their activity, of doing social work without training, of being representative of establishment interests.

Ex. Children get a handle on personal responsibility by holding a library card of their own, a card that gives them access to new worlds.

Ex. 'I sure wish I had a better handle on this contract language,' he said.

----

* sin asimilar = undigested.

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) <alimentos/ideas/cultura> to assimilate

2) ( equiparar)

asimilar algo/a alguien con or a algo/alguien — to put something/somebody on an equal footing with something/somebody

3) ( en boxeo) < golpes> to take, soak up (colloq)

* * *

= assimilate, digest, internalise [internalize, -USA], take in, co-opt, get + a handle on, have + a handle on.

Ex: The concern is that this sudden and increased flow of information is simply going to overwhelm us -- far more information than any of us can monitor and assimilate.

Ex: It remains important that the abstract be an accurate representation of the content of the document, and that the abstract be easy for the reader to scan and digest.

Ex: Such externalization helps learners internalize concepts, and organize relevant knowledge and generally leads to improved learning.

Ex: People like to browse the books and magazines, take in the ambiance, and be seen and perceived as a patron of the arts and literature.

Ex: Social workers accused librarians of moving into their territory, of co-opting their activity, of doing social work without training, of being representative of establishment interests.

Ex: Children get a handle on personal responsibility by holding a library card of their own, a card that gives them access to new worlds.

Ex: 'I sure wish I had a better handle on this contract language,' he said.

* sin asimilar = undigested.

* * *

asimilar [A1 ]

vt

A

1 ‹alimentos› to assimilate, absorb; ‹conocimientos/ideas› to assimilate, take in, absorb; ‹cultura› to assimilate

2 ( Ling) to assimilate

B (equiparar) asimilar algo/a algn CON or A algo/algn:

asimilar las industrias estatales con el sector privado to put state industries on an equal footing with the private sector

C (en boxeo) ‹golpes› to take, soak up ( colloq)

* * *

asimilar ( conjugate asimilar) verbo transitivo
1 ‹alimentos/ideas/cultura› to assimilate
2 ( en boxeo) ‹ golpes› to take, soak up (colloq)
asimilar verbo transitivo to assimilate
' asimilar' also found in these entries:
English:
assimilate
- digest
- take in
- absorb
- digestible
- take

* * *

asimilar

♦ vt

1. [idea, conocimientos] to assimilate

2. [alimentos] to assimilate

3. [asumir] to take in;

todavía no han asimilado la derrota they still haven't taken in the defeat

4. [equiparar] to grant equal rights to;

asimilaron los profesores al resto de funcionarios teachers' pay was brought into line with that of other public sector employees

5. Ling to assimilate

♦ See also the pronominal verb asimilarse

* * *

asimilar

v/t assimilate

* * *

asimilar vt

: to assimilate

♦ See also the reflexive verb asimilarse

Spanish-English dictionary > asimilar
11 dirección

f.

1 direction, guidance, orientation, tack.

2 address, postal address.

3 steering wheel, steering.

4 management, administration.

5 editorial board.

6 editorship.

7 authorities.

8 leadership, leaders of the party.

* * *

dirección

► nombre femenino

1 (acción de dirigir) management, running

■ le han encomendado la dirección de un banco he has been entrusted with managing a bank

2 (cargo) directorship, position of manager; (de un partido) leadership; (de un colegio) headship; (de editorial) position of editor

3 (junta) board of directors, management

4 (oficina) head office, headquarters plural

5 (sentido) direction, way

6 (destino) destination

■ salió con dirección a Cádiz he left for Cádiz

7 (domicilio) address

8 TÉCNICA steering

9 figurado (orientación) direction

■ el premio que gané cambió la dirección de mi vida the prize I won changed my way of life

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

llevar la dirección de algo to run something, direct something

calle de dirección única one-way street

dirección asistida AUTOMÓVIL power assisted steering, power steering

dirección general head office

'Dirección prohibida' "No entry"

* * *

noun f.

1) address

2) direction, way

3) management

4) steering

* * *

SF

1) (=sentido) direction

la dirección del viento — the wind direction

¿podría indicarme la dirección de la playa? — could you show me the way to the beach?

dirección prohibida — no entry

• salir con dirección a — to leave for

salió con dirección desconocida — he left for an unknown destination

el tráfico con dirección a Barcelona — traffic for Barcelona

trenes con dirección este — eastbound trains

• ir en dirección contraria — to go the other way

• de dos direcciones Esp —

calle de dos direcciones — two-way street

conmutador de dos direcciones — two-way switch

• ir en dirección a — to go in the direction of, go towards, head for

el taxi iba en dirección al aeropuerto — the taxi was going in the direction of o towards the airport, the taxi was heading for the airport

el tráfico en dirección a Burgos — traffic for Burgos

• calle de dirección obligatoria o única — one-way street

2) (=orientación) way

desconozco la dirección que están siguiendo los acontecimientos — I don't know which way events are going

3) (=señas) address

su nombre y dirección completa — your full name and address

la carta llevaba una dirección equivocada — the letter was wrongly addressed o had the wrong address

• poner la dirección a un sobre — to address an envelope

dirección absoluta — absolute address

dirección comercial — business address

dirección de correo electrónico — email address

dirección de Internet — web address

dirección del remitente — return address

dirección electrónica — email address

dirección IP — IP address

dirección particular — home address

dirección postal — postal address

dirección profesional — business address

dirección relativa — relative address

4) (=control) [de empresa, hospital, centro de enseñanza] running; [de partido] leadership; [de película] direction

tomar la dirección de una empresa — to take over the running of a company

le han confiado la dirección de la obra — he has been put in charge of the work

se ha hecho cargo de la dirección de la orquesta — he's been appointed conductor of the orchestra

con dirección de Polanski — directed by Polanski

dirección colectiva, dirección colegiada — (Pol) collective leadership

dirección de escena — stage management

dirección de orquesta — conducting

dirección empresarial — business management

dirección escénica — stage management

5) (=personal directivo)

• la dirección — [de empresa, centro escolar] the management; [de partido] the leadership; [de periódico] the editorial board

prohibido fumar en este local: la dirección — smoking is prohibited in this building: the management

habrá cambios en la dirección del partido — there will be changes in the party leadership

6) (=cargo) [en colegio] headship, principalship (EEUU); [en periódico, revista] editorship; [en partido] leadership; [de gerente] post of manager; [de alto cargo] directorship

7) (=despacho) [en colegio] headteacher's office, principal's office (EEUU); [en periódico, revista] editor's office; [de gerente] manager's office; [de alto cargo] director's office

8) (=oficina principal) head office

Dirección General de Seguridad — State Security Office, State Security Service

Dirección General de Turismo — State Tourist Office

dirección provincial — regional office of a government department

9) (Aut, Náut) steering

tiene la dirección averiada — the steering is faulty

mecanismo de dirección — steering (mechanism)

dirección asistida, dirección hidráulica — LAm power steering

* * *

femenino

1) ( señas) address

nombre y dirección — name and address

- dirección electrónica

- dirección particular

- dirección postal

2) (sentido, rumbo) direction

ellos venían en dirección contraria — they were coming the other way o from the opposite direction

¿en qué dirección iba? or ¿qué dirección llevaba? — which way was he heading o going?

cambiar de dirección — to change direction

señal de dirección prohibida — no-entry sign

dirección obligatoria — one way only

3) (Auto) ( mecanismo) steering

- dirección asistida

4) (Adm)

a) ( cargo - en escuela) principalship (AmE), headship (BrE); (- en empresa) post o position of manager

b) ( cuerpo directivo - de empresa) management; (- de periódico) editorial board; (- de prisión) authorities (pl); (- de partido) leadership

c) ( oficina - en escuela) principal's office (AmE), headmaster's/headmistress's office (BrE); (- en empresa) manager's/director's office; (- en periódico) editorial office

5)

a) (de obra, película) direction

la dirección es de Saura — it is directed by Saura

b) ( de orquesta)

bajo la dirección de Campomar — conducted by Campomar

c) (de empresa, proyecto) management

bajo la dirección de su profesor — under the guidance of her teacher

* * *

femenino

1) ( señas) address

nombre y dirección — name and address

- dirección electrónica

- dirección particular

- dirección postal

2) (sentido, rumbo) direction

ellos venían en dirección contraria — they were coming the other way o from the opposite direction

¿en qué dirección iba? or ¿qué dirección llevaba? — which way was he heading o going?

cambiar de dirección — to change direction

señal de dirección prohibida — no-entry sign

dirección obligatoria — one way only

3) (Auto) ( mecanismo) steering

- dirección asistida

4) (Adm)

a) ( cargo - en escuela) principalship (AmE), headship (BrE); (- en empresa) post o position of manager

b) ( cuerpo directivo - de empresa) management; (- de periódico) editorial board; (- de prisión) authorities (pl); (- de partido) leadership

c) ( oficina - en escuela) principal's office (AmE), headmaster's/headmistress's office (BrE); (- en empresa) manager's/director's office; (- en periódico) editorial office

5)

a) (de obra, película) direction

la dirección es de Saura — it is directed by Saura

b) ( de orquesta)

bajo la dirección de Campomar — conducted by Campomar

c) (de empresa, proyecto) management

bajo la dirección de su profesor — under the guidance of her teacher

* * *

dirección¹

¹ = administration, directorship, management, senior staff, governance, senior management, top management, headship, steerage, directing, leadership, senior managers.

Ex: Since the Reagan administration began its war on waste in 1981, farmers and other citizens have had not alternative to buying their information from the private sector at far steeper prices.

Ex: An applicant for the directorship of a medium-sized public library is asked to explain how he would conduct a community survey and demonstrate how he would plan library programs.

Ex: The practice of librarianship requires performance of the same management functions irrespective of position.

Ex: Senior SLIS staff were seen to be relatively content with their present levels of funding which has been modestly increased in recent years = El personal de dirección de las EUBYD parecía estar relativamente contento con sus niveles actuales de financiación que se han incrementado moderadamente en los últimos años.

Ex: Public libraries specifically face enormous problems of funding and governance.

Ex: In some library authorities these associations are highly developed and form a positive bridge between junior staff and the senior management.

Ex: Nevertheless, performance evaluation can be made more effective if, as stated earlier, the program is strongly supported by top management.

Ex: In the context of collegial management in university libraries, this article presents the advantages and disadvantages of rotating headships.

Ex: Incorrect reference entry is an unpardonable sin, since the purpose of the entry is to give exact steerage to the original paper from the abstract.

Ex: All managers should be knowledgeable in strategies of good directing so that a productive and nurturing environment can be created.

Ex: The leadership challenge is to flatten out differences, identify the new goals, and make tough decisions.

Ex: Our senior managers are responsible for the day-to-day running of the organisation.

* asumir la dirección = take over + the leadership (from).

* bajo la dirección de = under the supervision of.

* comité de dirección = steering committee.

* de dirección = directorial, administrative.

* dirección cinematográfica = film direction.

* dirección compartida = shared governance.

* dirección de la biblioteca = library administrators.

* dirección de la biblioteca, la = library administration, the.

* dirección general = directorate-general.

* dirección participativa = participative management.

* en el puesto de dirección = in the hot seat.

* en la dirección = in the saddle.

* en la dirección (de) = at the helm (of).

* equipo de dirección = management, management team, administrative team.

* grupo de dirección = management.

* junta de dirección = board of directors.

* junta de dirección de la escuela = school board.

* nivel alto de dirección = higher management.

* ocupar un cargo de dirección = hold + a chair.

* personal de dirección = senior staff, senior management.

* puesto de dirección = position of leadership.

* relativo a la dirección = directorial.

* resumen de la dirección = executive summary.

* reunión de la dirección = board meeting.

dirección²

² = direction, quarter.

Ex: Thus the thesaurus user may approach a term from 'either direction'.

Ex: A reappraisal is therefore outlined here with the understanding that it is open to rebuttal and challenge from whatever quarter.

* cambiar dirección = change + direction.

* cambio de dirección = change of hands.

* continuar en esta dirección = proceed + along this way.

* dar dirección = lend + direction.

* dirección del viento = wind direction.

* en ambas direcciones = two-way.

* en dirección de la proa = abaft.

* en dirección este = eastward(s), eastbound.

* en dirección norte = northbound.

* en dirección oeste = westbound, westward(s).

* en dirección sur = southward(s), southbound.

* en la dirección de = toward(s).

* en la dirección de la máquina = machine-direction.

* en la dirección del viento = downwind.

* falta de dirección = indirection.

* indicador de dirección = signpost.

* línea de dirección = line of direction.

* mantener Algo en la dirección correcta = keep + Nombre + on track.

* mirar en otra dirección = look + the other way.

* por buena dirección = a step in the right direction.

* seguir una dirección = follow + path, take + path.

* timón de dirección = rudder.

* tomar otra dirección = branch off + on a side trail.

* tomar una dirección = take + direction.

dirección³

³ = address.

Ex: The Acquisitions system uses a Name address Directory as its source of address information for orders.

* correo con dirección errónea = misdirected mail.

* dirección de contacto = contact address.

* dirección de correo = mailing address.

* dirección de correo electrónico = email address.

* dirección de envío = shipping address.

* dirección de facturación = billing address, invoice address.

* dirección del remitente = return address.

* dirección de pago = payment address.

* dirección favorita = bookmark.

* dirección para correspondencia = mailing address.

* dirección postal = postal address, mailing address.

* dirección web = web address.

* fichero de direcciones = addresses file.

* intercambio de direcciones = exchange of address.

* libreta de direcciones = address book.

* lista de direcciones = mailing list.

* máquina de imprimir direcciones = addressograph, addressing machine.

* poner la dirección en un sobre = address + envelope.

dirección⁴

⁴ = steering.

Ex: This article describes in detail the various methods of ink-jet printing employing electrostatic steering, electromagnetic steering, and multiple ink jets.

* dirección asistida = power steering.

dirección⁵

⁵ = tack.

Ex: The simplest tack would be to include the metadata in the notes field but sorting by metadata attributes is problematic and clunky.

* dirección asistida = power-assisted steering.

* explorar una dirección = chart + direction.

* * *

dirección

feminine

A (señas) address

nombre y dirección name and address

Compuestos:

● dirección absoluta

absolute address

● dirección comercial

business address

● dirección electrónica

e-mail address

● dirección particular

home address

● dirección postal

postal address

● dirección relativa

relative address

● dirección telegráfica

telegraphic address

B (sentido, rumbo) direction

circulaba con or en dirección a Madrid it was heading toward(s) Madrid

ellos venían en dirección contraria they were coming the other way o from the opposite direction

¿en qué dirección iba? or ¿qué dirección llevaba? which way was he heading o going?

su política ha tomado una nueva dirección their policy has taken a new direction

vientos de dirección norte northerly winds

cambiar de dirección to change direction

señal de dirección prohibida no-entry sign

la flecha indica dirección obligatoria the arrow indicates that it's one way only

C ( Auto) (mecanismo) steering; (volante) steering wheel

alinear la dirección to align the wheels

Compuesto:

dirección asistida

power-assisted steering, power steering

D ( Adm)

1 (cargo — en una escuela) principalship ( AmE), headship ( BrE); (— en una empresa) post o position of manager

2 (cuerpo directivo — de una empresa) management; (— de un periódico) editorial board; (— de una prisión) authorities (pl); (— de un partido) leadership

3 (oficina — en una escuela) principal's office ( AmE), headmaster's/headmistress's office ( BrE); (— en una empresa) manager's/director's office; (— en un periódico) editorial office

E

1 (de una obra, película) direction

es su primer trabajo de dirección it's the first time she's directed, it's her first job as a director o her first directing job

la dirección es de Saura it is directed by Saura

2

(de una orquesta): bajo la dirección de Campomar conducted by Campomar

3 (de una empresa, proyecto) management

bajo la dirección de su profesor under the guidance of her teacher

* * *

dirección sustantivo femenino
1 ( señas) address
2 (sentido, rumbo) direction;
◊ ellos venían en dirección contraria they were coming the other way o from the opposite direction;

¿en qué dirección iba? which way was he heading o going?;
señal de dirección prohibida no-entry sign;
dirección obligatoria one way only
3 (Auto) ( mecanismo) steering;
◊ dirección asistida power-assisted steering, power steering

4 (Adm)
a) ( cargo — en escuela) principalship (AmE), headship (BrE);

(— en empresa) post o position of manager
b) ( cuerpo directivo — de empresa) management;

(— de periódico) editorial board;
(— de prisión) authorities (pl);
(— de partido) leadership
c) ( oficina — en escuela) principal's office (AmE), headmaster's/headmistress's office (BrE);

(— en empresa) manager's/director's office;
(— en periódico) editorial office
dirección sustantivo femenino
1 (sentido, rumbo) direction
dirección obligatoria, one way only
dirección prohibida, no entry
en dirección a, towards
2 (domicilio) address
3 Cine Teat direction
4 (conjunto de dirigentes de una empresa) management
(de un partido) leadership
(de un colegio) headship, US principal's office
5 (cargo de dirección) directorship
6 (oficina del director) director's office
7 Auto Téc steering
dirección asistida, power steering
' dirección' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- abajo
- allí
- cambiarse
- canalizar
- cara
- de
- derivar
- DGT
- dirigir
- domicilio
- dorso
- este
- girar
- giro
- hacia
- jefatura
- junta
- lado
- llevar
- para
- patronal
- recta
- recto
- rumbo
- saber
- seña
- singladura
- viraje
- a
- actual
- adelante
- adentro
- afuera
- anotar
- arriba
- arroba
- atrás
- calle
- camino
- casualidad
- contramano
- contrario
- deber
- encabezamiento
- indicador
- nordeste
- noroeste
- norte
- oeste
English:
address
- administration
- ahead
- ashore
- back
- business
- change
- course
- direction
- double-jointed
- eastbound
- entry
- film making
- him
- inquire
- leadership
- management
- negotiation
- oncoming
- opposite
- out of
- over
- overseas
- power steering
- promptly
- redirect
- round
- self-addressed
- somewhere
- south
- south-east
- south-west
- spin
- steering
- swing
- switch
- to
- turn
- up
- way
- westward
- with
- down
- east
- easterly
- eastward
- head
- inland
- internal
- may

* * *

dirección nf

1. [sentido] direction;

se halla interrumpido el tráfico en ambas direcciones the road is closed in both directions;

cambiar de dirección to change direction;

en dirección contraria in the opposite direction;

calle de dirección única one-way street;

señal de dirección obligatoria = sign indicating that traffic must go in a particular direction;

dirección prohibida [en letrero] no entry;

no gires por la siguiente, que es dirección prohibida don't take the next turning, it's no entry;

circular en dirección prohibida to drive the wrong way up a one-way street

2. [rumbo] direction;

con dirección a, en dirección a towards, in the direction of;

los trenes con o [m5] en dirección a Málaga trains to Malaga;

¿en qué dirección ibas? which way were you going?;

íbamos en dirección a mi casa we were heading for my place;

se fue en dirección (al) sur he went south;

el buque avanzaba en la dirección del viento the ship had the wind behind it;

los acontecimientos han tomado una dirección inesperada events have taken an unexpected turn

3. [domicilio] address;

déme su nombre y dirección, por favor could you tell me your name and address, please?

Comp
dirección de entrega shipping address
4. Informát address

Comp
dirección de correo electrónico e-mail address;
dirección electrónica [de correo] e-mail address;
[de página] web page address;
dirección IP IP address;

dirección de memoria memory address;

dirección web web address

5. [mando, gestión] [de empresa, hospital] management;
[de partido] leadership; [de colegio] headship; [de periódico] editorship; [de película] direction; [de obra de teatro] production; [de orquesta] conducting;
estudia dirección de cine he's studying film directing

6. [oficina] [de empresa, hospital] manager's office;
[de colegio] Br headmaster's/headmistress's o US principal's office; [de periódico] editor's office
7. [junta directiva] [de empresa, hospital] management;
[de partido] leadership; [de colegio] management team; [de periódico] editorial board;
la dirección de este periódico no se hace responsable de la opinión de sus colaboradores the editors of this newspaper are not responsible for opinions expressed by contributors

Comp
dirección comercial commercial department;
dirección general head office;
RP Dirección General Impositiva Br ≈ Inland Revenue, US ≈ IRS;
Dirección General de Tráfico = government department in charge of road transport

8. [de vehículo] steering

Comp
Esp dirección asistida power steering; Am dirección hidráulica power steering
9. Geol strike

* * *

dirección

f

1 ( sentido) direction;

en aquella dirección that way, in that direction;

dirección obligatoria one way only

2 COM management; POL leadership

3 de coche steering

4 TEA, de película direction;

bajo la dirección de under the direction of, directed by

5 en carta address

6 ( rumbo)

:

con dirección a Lima for Lima;

en dirección a heading for;

en dirección sur heading south

7

:

direcciones pl ( instrucciones) guidelines

* * *

dirección nf, pl - ciones

1) : address

2) : direction

3) : management, leadership

4) : steering (of an automobile)

* * *

dirección n

1. (sentido) direction

se fue en esa dirección she went in that direction / she went that way

empezamos a caminar en dirección a su casa we began walking towards his house

el tren con dirección a Sevilla the train to Seville

2. (señas) address [pl. addresses]

dame tu dirección give me your address

3. (directores de una empresa) management

profesiones como dirección empresarial professions such as business management

dirección prohibida no entry

dirección única one way

Spanish-English dictionary > dirección
12 бездельник

1) General subject: Weary Willie, bauchle, beach-comber, blackguard, bone-idle fellow, bone-lazy fellow, chairwarmer (получающий жалованье), dangler, dawdle, dawdler, deadhead, do little, do nothing, do-nothing, doodle, drone, faineant, fiddle faddle, fiddle-faddle, fiddle-faddles, fluff off, fluff-off, fribble, gaga, good for nothing, good-for-nothing, goof off, gremlin, idler, jerk off, jerk-off, laggard, lazzarone, loafer, loiterer, loom, loon, lounger, ne'er do weel, ne'er do well, ne'er-do-weel, ne'er-do-well, scapegrace, scaramouch, scrimshanker, skulk, sluggard, spalpeen, trifler, truant, vagabond, wag, work-shy, lie-on-the-beach type (Randy was never the lie-on-the-beach type, so after leaving the RCMP he started working in the private sector.), ringer (US), gadabout, do-naught

2) Colloquial: a bad halfpenny, bum, deadbeat, do-little, layabout, playboy, scalawag, scallywag, slacker, waster, couch potato, bummer, moocher, schlep, lazy-boots, lazybones

3) American: dead, dead-beat, fiddler

4) Obsolete: rapscallion

5) Jocular: scallawag, scamp, ringer (US)

6) Australian slang: bludger, coaster, sooner

7) Irish: Dosser (Букв. - "завсегдатай ночлежки")

8) Scottish language: bachle

9) Jargon: chair-warmer, feather merchant, footer, gold brick, goldbrick, goof-off, gutterpup, no-work, piddler, soldier, picker, ding-donger, gremmie

10) Literature: scaramouche

11) Avuncular: dog fucker

12) Taboo: hell-arounder, hell-bender, lazy bugger

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > бездельник
13 aportación

f.

contribution, input, investment.

* * *

aportación

► nombre femenino

1 contribution

* * *

noun f.

contribution

* * *

SF contribution

aportaciones de la mujer — dowry sing

* * *

femenino

a) ( contribución) contribution

su aportación al mundo de la música — her contribution to the world of music

b) ( de socio) investment

* * *

= contribution, input, addition.

Ex. A further contribution to the international bibliographical control of serials was the CONSER Project (Conversion of Serials).

Ex. In order to stimulate international input, the IFLA Office for UBC invited catalogers in unrepresented countries to recommend revisions of the AACR and to comment on the potential of the second edition as an international code.

Ex. The inheritance from the master becomes, not only his additions to the world's record, but for his disciples the entire scaffolding by which they were erected.

----

* aportación de ideas = brainstorming [brain-storming], brainstorm.

* * *

femenino

a) ( contribución) contribution

su aportación al mundo de la música — her contribution to the world of music

b) ( de socio) investment

* * *

= contribution, input, addition.

Ex: A further contribution to the international bibliographical control of serials was the CONSER Project (Conversion of Serials).

Ex: In order to stimulate international input, the IFLA Office for UBC invited catalogers in unrepresented countries to recommend revisions of the AACR and to comment on the potential of the second edition as an international code.

Ex: The inheritance from the master becomes, not only his additions to the world's record, but for his disciples the entire scaffolding by which they were erected.

* aportación de ideas = brainstorming [brain-storming], brainstorm.

* * *

aportación

feminine

1 (contribución) contribution

su destacada aportación al mundo de la música her outstanding contribution to the world of music

agradecemos la aportación de nuevas ideas we welcome new ideas

nuestra aportación al fondo our contribution to the fund

las aportaciones de la iniciativa privada contributions from the private sector

2 (de un socio) investment

* * *

aportación sustantivo femenino
a) ( contribución) contribution

b) ( de socio) investment

aportación sustantivo femenino contribution
' aportación' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
aporte
English:
avail
- contribution
- fund
- input
- contribute

* * *

aportación nf

1. [contribución] contribution;

su trabajo es una valiosa aportación al estudio de la enfermedad her work constitutes a valuable contribution to the study of the disease;

hacer una aportación to contribute;

hizo una aportación de 10.000 pesos she made a contribution of 10,000 pesos

2. Fin [bien aportado] investment

* * *

aportación

f

1 contribution

2 COM investment

* * *

aportación nf, pl - ciones : contribution

* * *

aportación n contribution

Spanish-English dictionary > aportación
14 servicio

m.

1 service.

hubo que recurrir a los servicios de un abogado we had to use the services of a lawyer

servicio discrecional private service

servicio a domicilio home delivery service

servicio de habitaciones room service

servicio de inteligencia intelligence service

servicio militar military service

servicios mínimos skeleton service

servicio de paquetería parcel service

servicio posventa after-sales service

servicio público public service

servicio secreto secret service

los servicios sociales the social services

2 service (funcionamiento).

entrar en servicio to come into service

estar fuera de servicio to be out of order (máquina)

3 duty (turno).

estar de servicio to be on duty

4 servants (servidumbre).

servicio doméstico domestic help

5 toilet (WC) (peninsular Spanish).

¿dónde están los servicios? where are the toilets?, where's the bathroom? (United States)

6 services (economics).

una empresa de servicios (sector terciario) a services company

7 serve, service (sport).

8 favor, favour, service, accommodation.

9 rest room, restroom, toilet room, bathroom.

10 utility, public utility.

11 usefulness, workability, service, helpfulness.

12 table setting.

pres.indicat.

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: serviciar.

* * *

servicio

► nombre masculino

1 (gen) service

2 (criados) servants plural; (asistente) domestic help

3 (juego, conjunto) set

■ servicio de té tea set

4 (favor) service, favour (US favor)

5 DEPORTE service, serve

6 (Also servicios) (retrete) toilet, US rest room

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

entrar en servicio to come into service

estar al servicio de alguien to be at somebody's service

estar de servicio to be on duty

hacer servicio / prestar servicio to do a favour (US favor)

hacer un flaco servicio familiar to do more harm than good

poner en servicio to put into operation

prestar servicio to serve

servicio incluido service charge included

servicio a domicilio home delivery service

■ servicio a domicilio gratis free home delivery

servicio de urgencias emergency service

servicio militar military service

servicios públicos public services, utilities

* * *

noun m.

1) service

2) serve

•

- servicios

* * *

SM

1) (=ayuda, atención)

a) [a empresa, país] service

lleva veinte años de servicio en la empresa — he has twenty years' service with the company

no cobró nada por sus servicios — he didn't charge anything for his services

• al servicio de, un agente secreto al servicio de la Corona — a secret agent in the service of the Crown

• estar de servicio — to be on duty

estar de servicio de guardia — (Mil) to be on guard duty

• estar fuera o libre de servicio — to be off duty

un policía libre de servicio — an off-duty policeman

• prestar servicio — [gen] to work; (Mil) to serve

ha prestado sus servicios en el hospital universitario — she has worked at the university hospital

prestó sus servicios como teniente de la marina — he served as a lieutenant in the navy

b) [a cliente] service

el servicio no está incluido — service is not included

una empresa de servicios informáticos — a computing services company

a su servicio — at your service

servicio a domicilio — we deliver, home delivery service

c) [de tren, autobús] service

el servicio a la costa ha quedado interrumpido — the service to the coast has been interrupted

servicio a bordo — [en avión] in-flight services pl ; [en barco, tren] services on board pl

servicio comunitario — community service

servicio contra incendios — fire service

servicio de aduana — customs service

servicio de asesoramiento — advisory service

servicio de atención al cliente — customer service

servicio de bomberos — fire service

servicio de contraespionaje — secret service

servicio de entrega — delivery service

servicio de información, servicio de inteligencia — intelligence service

servicio de limpieza — cleaning services pl

servicio de megafonía — public address system

servicio de orden — [en manifestación] stewards pl, marshals pl

servicio de préstamo a domicilio — lending facility, home lending service

servicio de recogida de basura — refuse collection service

servicio de transportes — transport service

servicio de vigilancia aduanera — coastguard patrol

servicio médico — medical service

servicio permanente — round-the-clock service

servicio posventa — after-sales service

servicios de socorro — emergency services

servicio secreto — secret service

servicios informativos — broadcasting services

servicios mínimos — minimum service sing, skeleton service sing

servicio social (sustitutorio) — community service ( performed in place of military service)

servicios postales — postal services

servicios sociales — social services
estación 1)
2) (=funcionamiento)

• estar en servicio — to be in service

• entrar en servicio — to come o go into service

• fuera de servicio — out of service

• poner en servicio — to put into service

está previsto poner en servicio una segunda pista de aterrizaje — there are plans to open a second runway, there are plans to put a second runway into operation o service

3) (=beneficio) service

hizo un gran servicio a su país — he did his country a great service

es un abrigo viejo, pero me hace mucho servicio — it's an old coat, but I get a lot of use out of it

• hacer un flaco servicio a algn — to do sb a disservice

4) (Mil) (tb: servicio militar) military service

ser apto para el servicio — to be fit for military service

servicio activo — active service

5) [en un hospital] department

"servicio de pediatría" — "paediatric department"

servicio de urgencias — accident and emergency department, casualty department

6) pl servicios (Econ) public services

el sector servicios — the public service sector

7) (=retrete público) toilet, washroom (EEUU), restroom (EEUU)

¿dónde están los servicios? — where are the toilets?

8) [en la mesa]

a) [para cada comensal]

un juego de café con seis servicios — a six-piece coffee set

faltan dos servicios — we are two places o settings short

b) (=juego) set

servicio de café — coffee set, coffee service

servicio de mesa — dinner service

servicio de té — tea set, tea service

9) (=servidumbre) (tb: servicio doméstico) (=personas) servants pl ; (=actividad) service, domestic service

hay dos habitaciones para el servicio — there are two rooms for the servants

han mejorado las condiciones del servicio — conditions of domestic service have improved

• escalera de servicio — service staircase

• puerta de servicio — tradesman's entrance

10) (Tenis) serve, service

romper el servicio de algn — to break sb's serve o service

11) (Rel) service

el servicio será oficiado por Monseñor Cipriá — Monsignor Cipriá will officiate at the service

12) (Econ) [de una deuda] servicing

13) LAm [de un automóvil] service

le toca el servicio a los 3.000km — it's due (for) a service after 3000km

* * *

masculino

1)

a) ( acción de servir) service

estaremos a su servicio de nuevo el próximo lunes — we will reopen (for business) next Monday

estamos a su servicio las 24 horas del día — we are at your service 24 hours a day

prestó servicio como médico en el frente — he served as a doctor at the front

cumplió 20 años de servicio — he completed 20 years' service

estar de servicio — to be on duty

un policía libre de servicio — an off-duty policeman

servicio permanente or de 24 horas — round-the-clock o 24-hour service

b) ( favor) favor*, service

me prestó un servicio inestimable — she did me a really good turn o a very great service

c) servicios masculino plural ( asistencia) services (pl)

recurrieron a los servicios de un abogado — they sought the advice of a lawyer

les agradecemos los servicios prestados — we would like to thank you for all your work o help

- servicio a domicilio

- servicio diplomático/secreto/de inteligencia

- servicio postventa

- servicio público

- servicios informativos

- servicios mínimos

- servicios sociales

2)

a) ( funcionamiento) service, use

han puesto en servicio el nuevo andén — the new platform is now in use o is now open

¿cuándo entra en servicio la nueva estación depuradora? — when is the new purifying plant coming into operation o service?

fuera de servicio — out of service

b) ( sistema) service

servicio postal — postal service

el servicio de la línea 19 es pésimo — the number 19 is a terrible service

3)

a) ( en hospital) department

servicio de urgencias — accident and emergency department, casualty department

es jefe del servicio de cirugía — he is the chief surgeon

b) servicios masculino plural (Econ) public services (pl)

el sector (de) servicios — the public service sector

4) (en restaurante, hotel)

a) ( atención al cliente) service

b) ( propina) service (charge)

servicio e impuestos incluidos — tax and service included

5) ( servidumbre)

sólo hablan de los problemas del servicio — all they talk about is the problems of having servants

escalera de servicio — service staircase

entrada de servicio — tradesman's entrance

habitación or cuarto de servicio — servant's quarters (frml), maid's room

- servicio doméstico

6) (Mil) service

estar en servicio — to be in service

- servicio activo/militar

7) ( retrete) restroom (AmE), bathroom (esp AmE), toilet (esp BrE)

8)

a) ( juego de loza)

servicio de café — coffee set

servicio de té — tea service o set

b) ( juego de cubiertos) set of cutlery; ( cubierto para cada comensal)

una cubertería de doce servicios — a set of cutlery for twelve people

este juego no tiene servicio de pescado — there are no fish knives in this set

pon otro servicio en la mesa — set another place

9) ( en tenis) service, serve

servicio de Fortín — Fortín to serve

tiene que mejorar su servicio — she needs to work on her serve

10) (Relig) service

11) (AmL) (Auto) service

* * *

masculino

1)

a) ( acción de servir) service

estaremos a su servicio de nuevo el próximo lunes — we will reopen (for business) next Monday

estamos a su servicio las 24 horas del día — we are at your service 24 hours a day

prestó servicio como médico en el frente — he served as a doctor at the front

cumplió 20 años de servicio — he completed 20 years' service

estar de servicio — to be on duty

un policía libre de servicio — an off-duty policeman

servicio permanente or de 24 horas — round-the-clock o 24-hour service

b) ( favor) favor*, service

me prestó un servicio inestimable — she did me a really good turn o a very great service

c) servicios masculino plural ( asistencia) services (pl)

recurrieron a los servicios de un abogado — they sought the advice of a lawyer

les agradecemos los servicios prestados — we would like to thank you for all your work o help

- servicio a domicilio

- servicio diplomático/secreto/de inteligencia

- servicio postventa

- servicio público

- servicios informativos

- servicios mínimos

- servicios sociales

2)

a) ( funcionamiento) service, use

han puesto en servicio el nuevo andén — the new platform is now in use o is now open

¿cuándo entra en servicio la nueva estación depuradora? — when is the new purifying plant coming into operation o service?

fuera de servicio — out of service

b) ( sistema) service

servicio postal — postal service

el servicio de la línea 19 es pésimo — the number 19 is a terrible service

3)

a) ( en hospital) department

servicio de urgencias — accident and emergency department, casualty department

es jefe del servicio de cirugía — he is the chief surgeon

b) servicios masculino plural (Econ) public services (pl)

el sector (de) servicios — the public service sector

4) (en restaurante, hotel)

a) ( atención al cliente) service

b) ( propina) service (charge)

servicio e impuestos incluidos — tax and service included

5) ( servidumbre)

sólo hablan de los problemas del servicio — all they talk about is the problems of having servants

escalera de servicio — service staircase

entrada de servicio — tradesman's entrance

habitación or cuarto de servicio — servant's quarters (frml), maid's room

- servicio doméstico

6) (Mil) service

estar en servicio — to be in service

- servicio activo/militar

7) ( retrete) restroom (AmE), bathroom (esp AmE), toilet (esp BrE)

8)

a) ( juego de loza)

servicio de café — coffee set

servicio de té — tea service o set

b) ( juego de cubiertos) set of cutlery; ( cubierto para cada comensal)

una cubertería de doce servicios — a set of cutlery for twelve people

este juego no tiene servicio de pescado — there are no fish knives in this set

pon otro servicio en la mesa — set another place

9) ( en tenis) service, serve

servicio de Fortín — Fortín to serve

tiene que mejorar su servicio — she needs to work on her serve

10) (Relig) service

11) (AmL) (Auto) service

* * *

servicio¹

¹ = toilet, washroom, bathroom, restroom [rest room], lavatory, public toilet, little boys room, little girls room, loo.

Ex: Such things as the minimum room temperature within one hour of starting work, the adequacy of light and ventilation, toilet provision, fire regulations and exits are all well covered in considerable detail.

Ex: The library office is in the basement, 'downstairs' as it is euphemistically referred to, along with a staff lounge, the washrooms, heating equipment, and electrical and janitor's closets.

Ex: This article presents a brief guide to collection development in the area of renovating kitchens and bathrooms = This artículo presenta una guía breve para el desarrollo de la colección en los temas relacionados con la reforma de cocinas y cuartos de baño.

Ex: Airport restrooms have become popular meeting places for men looking for sexual trysts with other men.

Ex: One very elementary kind of invitation might be the introduction of lavatories in public libraries: a facility to be found in department stores, which are interested in service to valued customers.

Ex: This paper presents arguments for and against libraries in the USA having condom dispensing machines in their public toilets.

Ex: When I went to the little boys/girls room to relieve myself I was suprised to see the amount of loo rolls stashed in the corner.

Ex: When I went to the little boys/ girls room to relieve myself I was suprised to see the amount of loo rolls stashed in the corner.

Ex: Early on on a Friday night and three of the loos were out of order, the floor was covered in a layer of rancid water and it stank to high heaven.

* servicios de señoras = women's room.

servicio²

² = capability, facility, feature, service, servicing, utility, service charges, service facility.

Ex: DOBIS/LIBIS contains a so-called 'help' capability.

Ex: Apart from this additional facility Double-KWIC indexes have most of the facilities, features and drawbacks of KWIC and KWOC indexes.

Ex: Electronic Maildrop is an online document ordering feature, where documents can be ordered from various suppliers.

Ex: 'All aboard the orientation express' is a programme to introduce children to the services provided by the library and teach them to use the microfiche catalogue.

Ex: There was also the difficulty that inter-departmental servicing was not undertaken in a co-operative, sharing, spirit.

Ex: Situations where subdivisions might have had some utility are served by the co-ordination of index terms at the search stage.

Ex: These prices include breakfast (full buffet including a large selection of hot and cold entrees, salads, cheeses, pastries, etc.) and all service charges.

Ex: The author offer guidelines for managers and policy makers to aid the process of planning the establishment of data service facilities in a library.

* abandonar los servicios de Alguien = drop out.

* adscripción en comisión de servicios = secondment.

* agencia de servicios = service agency.

* al servicio de = at the service of.

* al servicio de la nación = uniformed.

* a + Posesivo + servicio = at + Posesivo + service.

* arma de servicio = service weapon.

* bibliotecario de servicios técnicos = technical services librarian.

* bibliotecario encargado de los servicios dirigidos a la comunidad = community services librarian.

* bibliotecario en servicios mínimos = duty librarian.

* bienes y servicios = goods and services.

* buscar los servicios de = engage.

* calidad de los servicios = service quality.

* calidad del servicio = service quality.

* calidad en el servicio = quality performance, performance quality.

* callejón de servicio = service road.

* cambiar de servicio = churn.

* cambio de servicio = churn.

* carta de servicios = service offer.

* centrado en el servicio = service-focused.

* cobro de servicios = fee services.

* cobro por servicios = fee services, fee for services.

* cobro por servicios prestados = fee for services.

* comercializar un servicio = market + service, broker + service.

* conceder comisión de servicios = second.

* Consejo de los Servicios de Biblioteconomía y Documentación (LISC) = Library and Information Services Council (LISC).

* contratar los servicios de Alguien = enrol [enroll -USA].

* convocatoria de oferta de servicios = invitation to tender (ITT).

* dar servicio = service.

* dar un servicio = do + service.

* dedicado al servicio = service-oriented.

* departamento de servicios técnicos = technical services department.

* de servicio = on duty, on call.

* de servicio a la sociedad = public-spirited.

* de servicio al usuario = client-serving.

* dirigir un servicio = run + service.

* División de Servicios Bibliográficos de la Biblioteca Británica (BLBSD) = British Library Bibliographic Services Division (BLBSD).

* empresa de servicios = service organisation, service agency, service company.

* empresa de servicios de información = information broker, broker, information broking.

* empresa de servicio social = social utility.

* empresa de servicios públicos = public utility, utility company.

* en comisión de servicios = seconded.

* estación de servicio = gas station, petrol station, service station, gasoline station.

* estando de servicio = while on the job.

* ética de servicio = service ethic.

* externalización de servicios = outsourcing [out-sourcing], externalisation of services.

* falto de servicios = underserved.

* fuera de servicio = off-duty, decomissioned, out of commission.

* función de servicio = service function.

* hueco de servicio = service core.

* impuesto de bienes y servicios = goods and services tax.

* industria de servicios = service industry.

* industria de servicios financieros, la = financial services industry, the.

* instalar un servicio = mount + service.

* jefe de los servicios de información = chief information officer (CIO).

* jefe del servicio de catalogación = cataloguing head.

* jefe del servicio de referencia = reference head.

* libre de servicio = off-duty.

* montar un servicio = mount + service.

* oferta de servicios = service provision, service offer.

* oficial de servicio = duty officer.

* ofrecer servicio = service.

* ofrecer un servicio = operate + service, provide + service, do + service.

* orientado al servicio de la gente = people-centred, people-centric.

* orientado al servicio de las personas = people-centred.

* orientado hacia el servicio = service orientated, service-focused.

* orientar un servicio hacia = target + service.

* período de servicio = tour of duty.

* personal de servicios = service worker.

* personas faltas de servicios, las = underserved, the.

* por todo el servicio = service-wide.

* prestación de servicios = service delivery.

* prestar un servicio = operate + service, provide + service, render + service, give + service to, deliver + service, deliver + value, produce + the goods, do + service.

* prestar un servicio a los usuarios = serve + patrons.

* profesional dedicado al servicio = service professional.

* profesional dedicado a prestar un servicio a la población = service professional.

* profesión dedicada al servicio = service profession.

* profesión dedicada al servicio de otros = helping profession.

* profesión dedicada a prestar un servicio a la población = service profession.

* promover un servicio = launch + service.

* proveedor de servicios = service supplier, service provider.

* proveedor de servicios de Internet = Internet provider.

* Proveedor de Servicios de Internet (ISP) = ISP (Internet Service Provider).

* punto de servicio = service point.

* responsable del servicio de emergencias = emergency official.

* responsable del servicio de referencia = reference administrator.

* separación de servicios = unbundling.

* servicio a domicilio = home delivery.

* servicio a través de terceros = third-party service.

* servicio a uno mismo = self-service.

* servicio auxiliar de apoyo familiar = respite care.

* servicio bibliográfico = bibliographic service, bibliographic utility.

* servicio bibliotecario = library facility, library service.

* servicio bibliotecario mediante pago = fee-based library service.

* servicio bibliotecario penintenciario = prison library service.

* servicio central = main site service.

* servicio centralizado de control de publicaciones seriadas = consolidation service.

* servicio comercial = commercial service, commercial vendor, charged service.

* servicio comunitario = community service.

* servicio de acceso público = public delivery service.

* servicio de acompañante = escort service.

* servicio de actualización permanente = current awareness, current-awareness service.

* servicio de adquisiciones = acquisition routines, acquisition(s) service.

* servicio de aduanas = customs and excise agency.

* servicio de alerta = alert service.

* servicio de aparcacoches = valet parking.

* servicio de apoyo = backup service, support service.

* servicio de asesoramiento = consulting service, counselling service, advisory service.

* servicio de asesoramiento jurídico = legal aid service.

* servicio de asistencia = provider service.

* servicio de atención = advisory service.

* servicio de atención al cliente = customer service, service department.

* servicio de atención al cliente en su propio automóvil = drive-through (drive-thru).

* servicio de atención al cliente por teléfono = call centre.

* servicio de atención de día = day care.

* servicio de autobuses = bus service.

* servicio de ayuda = help desk [helpdesk], help facility.

* servicio de búsqueda = search service.

* servicio de canguros = baby-sitting service.

* servicio de catalogación = cataloguing service.

* servicio de compañía = escort service.

* servicio de compra por televisión = teleshopping service.

* servicio de compras = acquisition(s) service.

* servicio de conexión a las redes = networking service.

* servicio de correo = mail service.

* servicio de correo electrónico = electronic mail service.

* servicio de correos = postal service.

* servicio de cuidado de día = day care.

* servicio de difusión selectiva de la información = SDI service.

* servicio de directorios = directory service.

* servicio de distribución = host service.

* servicio de documentación = documentation service.

* servicio de emergencia = emergency service.

* servicio de entrega de documentos = document delivery service (DDS).

* servicio de envío = turnaround.

* Servicio de Envío de Artículos Originales (OATS) = Original Article Tearsheet Service (OATS).

* servicio de extensión bibliotecaria = outreach service, library extension work, extension service, outreach programme, reach out.

* servicio de fotocopia = copying facilities.

* servicio de fotocopias = photocopying service.

* servicio de fotodocumentación = photocopying service.

* servicio de habitaciones = room service.

* servicio de impresión = offline print facility.

* servicio de indización = indexing service.

* servicio de indización de publicaciones periódicas = periodicals indexing service.

* servicio de indización y resumen = indexing and abstracting service.

* servicio de información = alerting device, information service, information delivery service, information utility.

* servicio de información al consumidor = Consumer Advice Centre (CAC), consumer advisory service.

* servicio de información ciudadana = community information service.

* servicio de información electrónica = electronic information service.

* servicio de información en línea = online information service.

* servicio de información local = local information service.

* servicio de información sectorial = sectoral information service.

* servicio de informática = computing service.

* servicio de inteligencia = intelligence community, intelligence agency.

* servicio de jurado = jury duty.

* servicio de libros a domicilio = homebound service.

* servicio de limpieza = janitorial services.

* servicio de mantenimiento técnico = support service.

* servicio de mensajería = courier service.

* servicio de microfilmación = microfilm service, microfilming service.

* servicio de noticias = news service.

* servicio de novedades = news alerts.

* servicio de novedades a través del correo electrónico = e-mail alert.

* servicio de orientación = referral service, advisory service.

* servicio de orientación al lector = readers' advisory service point, readers' advisory service.

* servicio de petición de documentos = document delivery service (DDS).

* servicio de preparación = training facility.

* servicio de préstamo = lending service, loaner service.

* servicio de préstamo a domicilio = home lending service.

* servicio de préstamo de documentos = document delivery service (DDS).

* servicio de préstamo interbibliotecario = interlending service.

* servicio de recuperación en línea = online retrieval service.

* servicio de referencia = reference desk, reference service, enquiry service.

* Servicio de Referencia Asistido por Ordenador (MARS) = MARS (Machine Assisted Reference Service).

* servicio de referencia bibliotecario = library reference service.

* servicio de referencia electrónica = electronic reference service [e-reference service].

* servicio de referencia en vivo = live reference.

* servicio de referencia por correo electrónico = electronic mail reference service.

* servicio de registros MARC, el = MARC service, the.

* servicio de reparto con furgoneta = van delivery service.

* servicio de respuesta = turnaround.

* servicio de restauración = caterer.

* servicio de resúmenes = abstracting service.

* servicio de salud pública = health service.

* servicio de seguridad = security service.

* servicio de suministro de documentos = document delivery service (DDS).

* servicio de telefonía móvil = mobile telephone service, mobile phone service.

* servicio de transferencia de documentos = document delivery service (DDS).

* servicio de única ventanilla = one-stop service.

* servicio doméstico = cleaning lady, domestic service, housekeeper.

* servicio en la Guardia Nacional = National Guard duty.

* servicio en línea = online service.

* servicio especial de autobuses = bus shuttle service, bus shuttle, shuttle bus service, shuttle bus.

* servicio especial de transporte = shuttle, shuttle service.

* servicio exhaustivo = service in-depth.

* servicio extra = frill.

* servicio funerario = funeral service.

* servicio gratis = frill.

* servicio gratuito = free service.

* servicio las 24 horas = 24 hour(s) service, 24 hour(s) service.

* servicio médico = medical care, medical aid, medical assistance.

* servicio meteorológico = meteorological service.

* servicio metereológico = weather bureau, weather service.

* servicio militar = military service, soldiering.

* servicio militar obligatorio = conscription, compulsory military service, draft, the, military draft.

* servicio nacional = domestic service.

* servicio no incluido = hidden extra.

* servicio postal = postal service, postal delivery service.

* servicio postventa = after-sales service.

* servicio público = amenity, public service, public utility, utility service.

* servicio regional de sanidad = hospital board.

* servicio relacionado con los libros = book service.

* servicio religioso = ceremonial service.

* servicio remoto = remote service.

* servicios a lectores = readers' services.

* servicios a los estudiantes = student services.

* servicio sanitario = health service.

* servicios automatizados = automation capabilities.

* servicios básicos = amenities.

* servicios bibliotecarios = library provision.

* servicios bibliotecarios para jóvenes = youth services.

* servicios bibliotecarios para los marginados = library services to the disadvantaged.

* servicios bibliotecarios para los sordos = library services for the deaf.

* servicios complementarios = added-value services.

* servicios de asistencia = remedial services.

* servicios de atención al estudiante = student services.

* servicios de autopista = highway facilities.

* servicios de cafetería = food services.

* servicios de documentos secundarios = secondary services.

* servicios de emergencia = emergency assistance.

* servicios de extensión bibliotecaria = library outreach.

* servicios de información = Information and Referral services.

* servicios de información bibliográfica = bibliographical services.

* servicios de información y referencia = I&R services (Information and Referral).

* servicios de red de valor añadido (VANS) = value added network services (VANS).

* servicios de trenes = rail facilities.

* servicios mínimos = skeleton staff.

* servicio social = social service.

* servicio social sustitutorio = community service.

* servicios orientados hacia el usuario final = end-user services.

* servicios para adultos = adult services.

* servicios sociales = human services, welfare services.

* Servicios Técnicos y de Recursos para la Biblioteca (LRTS) = LRTS (Library Resources and Technical Services).

* servicio técnico = technical service, technical support, tech support.

* servicio telefónico = telephone service.

* servicio universal = universal service.

* servicio valioso = yeoman service.

* solicitar un servicio = call on/upon + service.

* suplemento por servicio = service charges.

* suspender un servicio = withdraw + service.

* tiempo fuera de servicio = downtime.

* tipo de servicio = style of service.

* trabajo de préstamo de servicios = service job.

* un servicio las 24 horas = a 24-hour service.

* valor afectivo del servicio = affect of service.

* vender un servicio = market + service.

* vía de servicio = service road.

* * *

servicio

masculine

A

1 (acción de servir) service

a partir del próximo lunes estaremos a su servicio en nuestro nuevo local from next Monday we will be open for business at our new premises

durante la guerra prestó servicio como médico en el frente during the war he served as a doctor at the front

le regalaron un reloj cuando cumplió 20 años de servicio he was given a watch when he completed 20 years' service

estoy de servicio I'm on duty

un policía libre de servicio an off-duty policeman

[ S ] servicio permanente or de 24 horas round-the-clock o 24-hour service

2 (favor) favor*, service

al despedirte te hizo un gran servicio he did you a great service o favor by firing you ( colloq)

me prestó un servicio inestimable recomendándome para el trabajo she did me a really good turn o a very great service by recommending me for the job

3 servicios mpl (asistencia) services (pl)

me ofreció sus servicios muy amablemente he kindly offered me his services

pasó a prestar sus servicios como asesor legal he went on to work as a legal adviser

recurrieron a los servicios de un abogado conocido they sought the advice of a well-known lawyer

les agradecemos los servicios prestados we would like to thank you for all your work o help

Compuestos:

● servicio a domicilio

(home) delivery service

● servicio al cliente

customer service

● servicio de asistencia

support services

● servicio de catering

catering service

● servicio de información

(de datos, detalles) information service; ( Mil) intelligence service

● servicio de inteligencia

intelligence service

● servicio de limpieza

cleaning service ( BrE)

● servicio de orden

stewards (pl), marshals (pl)

● servicio de prevención

prevention service

● servicio de seguridad

security service

● servicio de trenes

train service

● servicio de transporte

transportation service ( AmE), transport service ( BrE)

● servicio de vigilancia costera

≈ coastguard service

● servicio diplomático

diplomatic service

● servicio interno

( Esp) memorandum

● servicio postventa

after-sales service

● servicio público

public service

● servicio secreto

secret service

● servicios informativos

mpl news services (pl)

● servicios mínimos

mpl minimum o skeleton service

● servicios sociales

social services (pl)

B

1 (funcionamiento) service, use

han puesto en servicio el nuevo andén the new platform is now in use o is now open

¿cuándo entra en servicio la nueva estación depuradora? when is the new purifying plant coming into operation o service?

han suspendido el servicio hasta nuevo aviso (the) service has been interrupted until further notice

[ S ] fuera de servicio out of service

2 (sistema) service

servicio de teléfonos telephone service

servicio de trenes train service

servicio postal mail service ( AmE), postal service ( BrE)

todos los servicios all the main services

el servicio de la línea 19 es pésimo the number 19 is a terrible service

C

1 (en un hospital) department

servicio de ginecología gynecology department

servicio de urgencias accident and emergency department, casualty department ( BrE)

es jefe del servicio de cirugía he is the chief surgeon

2 servicios mpl ( Econ) public services (pl)

una empresa del sector servicios a company in the public service sector

D (en un restaurante, hotel)

1 (atención) service

una excelente carta y un servicio esmerado an excellent menu and impeccable service

2 (propina) service, service charge

[ S ] servicio e impuestos incluidos tax and service included

no nos han cobrado el servicio they haven't charged for service

E

(servidumbre): sólo hablan de los problemas del servicio all they talk about is the problems of having servants

se quedaron sin servicio they were left without any domestic help

escalera de servicio service staircase

entrada de servicio tradesmen's entrance

habitación or cuarto de servicio servant's quarters (pl) ( frml), maid's room

Compuesto:

servicio doméstico

(actividad) domestic service; (personas) servants (pl), domestic staff

siempre ha trabajado en servicio doméstico he has always worked in domestic service, he has been in service all his life

las habitaciones destinadas al servicio doméstico the servants' quarters

F ( Mil) service

estar en servicio to be in service

Compuestos:

● servicio activo

active service

● servicio militar

military service

aquí no hay servicio militar obligatorio there is no compulsory military service here

G

1 baño (retrete) washroom ( AmE), bathroom ( esp AmE), toilet ( esp BrE)

¿los servicios, por favor? can you tell me where the washrooms are, please?, can you tell me where the ladies'/gents' is please? ( BrE)

2 (orinal) chamber pot

H

1 (de cubiertos) set of cutlery o flatware ( AmE)

(de loza): servicio de café coffee set

servicio de té tea service o set

este juego no tiene servicio de pescado there are no fish knives in this canteen o set

2 (individual) piece

vajilla de doce servicios twelve-piece dinner service

I (en tenis) service, serve

servicio de Fortín Fortín to serve

tiene que mejorar su servicio she needs to work on her serve

J ( Econ, Fin) (de una deuda) servicing, service

K ( Agr) service

L ( Relig) service

M ( AmL) ( Auto) service

* * *

servicio sustantivo masculino
1
a) ( acción de servir) service;

◊ estamos a su servicio we are at your service;

estar de servicio [policía/bombero] to be on duty;
servicio público public service;
servicios informativos broadcasting services (pl)
b) ( favor) favor^{( conjugate favor)}, service

c)

◊ servicios sustantivo masculino plural ( asistencia) services (pl);

me ofreció sus servicios he offered me his services
2 ( funcionamiento) service, use;
◊ está fuera de servicio it's out of service;

han puesto en servicio el nuevo andén the new platform is now in use o is now open
3 ( en hospital) department;
◊ servicio de urgencias casualty department

4 (en restaurante, hotel)
a) ( atención al cliente) service

b) ( propina) service (charge)

5 ( servidumbre):
◊ entrada de servicio tradesman's entrance;

cuarto de servicio servant's quarters ;

(frml), maid's room;
◊ servicio doméstico ( actividad) domestic service;

( personas) servants (pl), domestic staff
6 (Mil) service;
◊ servicio militar military service

7 ( retrete) restroom (AmE), bathroom (esp AmE), toilet (esp BrE)
8 ( en tenis) service, serve
9 (Relig) service
(AmL) (Auto) service
servicio sustantivo masculino
1 service
estar de servicio, to be on duty
servicio a domicilio, delivery service
servicio doméstico, domestic service
servicio militar, military service
fuera de servicio, out of order
2 (utilidad) use: esa mesita me hace mucho servicio, this table is very useful
3 (conjunto) en esta mesa falta un servicio, we need to set another place at the table
servicio de café, coffee service
4 (cuarto de baño) toilet sing, US rest room sing
' servicio' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acto
- área
- bloquear
- camarera
- camarero
- cerrar
- correo
- dirigirse
- disposición
- encargar
- exenta
- exento
- guardia
- incluida
- incluido
- informatización
- inteligencia
- juventud
- parque
- postventa
- posventa
- prestar
- prestación
- supresión
- suprimir
- apto
- asegurar
- asistencia
- atender
- calidad
- circular
- cubierto
- cumplir
- doméstico
- empleada
- entrega
- estación
- exprés
- favor
- funcionamiento
- funcionar
- interrumpir
- muchacha
- operar
- postal
- puente
- puerta
- puesta
- recluta
- reparto
English:
after-sales
- agent
- answering service
- around-the clock
- auxiliary
- bargain for
- bargain on
- bed
- bog
- break
- breakdown
- charge
- commission
- conscription
- dissatisfaction
- disservice
- duty
- excuse
- foreign service
- gent
- ground
- health service
- inclusive
- INS
- intelligence
- lousy
- mail
- National Health Service
- off-duty
- on
- pay
- privatize
- public convenience
- reinstate
- room service
- run
- secret service
- serve
- service
- service charge
- shuttle
- skeleton
- support
- toilet-train
- toilet-training
- tour
- unit
- use
- utility
- amenity

* * *

servicio nm

1. [prestación, asistencia, sistema] service;

se ha suspendido el servicio en la línea 1 de autobús the number 1 bus isn't running today;

hubo que recurrir a los servicios de una agencia inmobiliaria we had to use the services of Br an estate agent o US a real estate office;

el servicio postal/hospitalario the postal/hospital service;

lleva muchos años al servicio de la empresa she has worked for the company for several years;

estamos a su servicio para lo que necesite we are at your service if you need anything;

hacer o [m5] prestar un buen servicio a alguien [prenda, utensilio, aparato] to serve sb well;

nos ha ofrecido sus servicios he has offered us his services;

por los servicios prestados for services rendered;

prestar servicio como o [m5]de to serve as

Comp
Servicio de Administración Tributaria Br ≈ the Inland Revenue, US ≈ the IRS;
servicio de asistencia técnica technical support;

servicio de atención al cliente customer service department;

servicios bancarios banking services;

servicio discrecional private service;

servicio a domicilio home delivery service;

servicios financieros financial services;

servicio de habitaciones room service;

servicios informativos [de cadena de radio, televisión] news service;

servicio de inteligencia intelligence service;

servicio en línea on-line service;

servicio de mensajería courier service;

servicio militar military service;

hacer el servicio militar to do one's military service;

servicios mínimos [en huelga] skeleton service;

servicio de paquetería parcel service;

servicio posventa after-sales service;

servicio de prensa press department;

servicio público public service;

servicio religioso religious service;

servicio secreto secret service;

servicios sociales social services;

servicio técnico technical assistance;

servicio de urgencias Br casualty department, US emergency room;

servicio de veinticuatro horas round-the-clock service

2. [funcionamiento] service;

entrar en servicio to come into service;

estar fuera de servicio [máquina] to be out of order

3. [servidumbre] servants;

el servicio está fatal hoy en día you just can't find the staff these days

Comp
servicio doméstico domestic help
4. [turno] duty;

estar de servicio to be on duty

Comp
servicio activo [en el ejército] active service o duty
5. [en tenis, squash] serve, service;

primer/segundo servicio first/second serve o service;

al servicio, Ríos Ríos to serve;

mantener el servicio to hold one's serve

6. [cubierto] place setting

7. [juego de tazas, platos]
servicio de café/té coffee/tea set;

servicio de mesa dinner service

8. [en restaurante] [atención al cliente] service;
[recargo] service charge;
dan un servicio pésimo the service is awful;

el servicio está incluido service is included;

servicio no incluido service is not included

9.
servicios [sector terciario] services;

una empresa de servicios a services company;

el sector servicios the services sector

10. Esp [WC] toilet, US bathroom;

¿dónde están los servicios? where are the toilets?, US where's the bathroom?;

el servicio de señoras/caballeros the ladies/gents

* * *

servicio

m

1 service;

estar al servicio de be at the service of;

hacer un buen servicio a alguien do s.o. a great service;

estar de servicio be on duty;

libre de servicio off duty

2

:

servicios pl restroom sg, Br toilets

3 ( funcionamiento)

:

fuera de servicio TÉC out of order;

poner en servicio put into service

* * *

servicio nm

1) : service

2) saque: serve (in sports)

3) servicios nmpl

: restroom

* * *

servicio n

1. (en general) service

los servicios de emergencia the emergency services

2. (aseo) toilet

los servicios están al fondo a la derecha the toilets are down there on the right

3. (en tenis) serve / service

4. (asistente) domestic help

estar de servicio to be on duty

servicio militar military service

Spanish-English dictionary > servicio
15 información

f.

1 information, word, notice, communication.

2 information, data, info, tip-off.

3 directory assistance, directory enquiries.

4 information desk.

5 literature, promotional material.

* * *

información

► nombre femenino

1 (conocimiento) information

2 (noticia) piece of news; (conjunto de noticias) news

3 (oficina) information department; (mesa) information desk

4 (en telefónica) directory enquiries plural, US information

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

información deportiva (en televisión) sports news 2 (en prensa) sports pages plural

oficina de información information bureau

* * *

noun f.

information

* * *

SF

1) (=datos) information; (=oficina) information desk; (Telec) Directory Enquiries, Directory Assistance (EEUU)

¿dónde podría obtener más información? — where could I get more information?

si desean más o mayor información — if you require further information

pasaron toda la información a la policía — they passed on all the information o the details to the police

pregunte en información — ask at information o at the information desk

información internacional ¿dígame? — international enquiries, can I help you?

le han dado una información falsa — you've been given false information

Información — Information, Enquiries

información genética — genetic information

2) (=noticias) news

según las últimas informaciones — according to the latest reports o news

les daremos más información dentro de unos minutos — we will give you some more information in a few minutes

información caliente — hot tip

información deportiva — [en prensa, radio] sports section; [en TV] sports news

información financiera — [en prensa, radio] financial section; [en TV] financial news

información internacional — foreign news

3) (Jur) judicial inquiry, investigation

abrir una información — to begin proceedings

4) (Inform) (=datos) data pl
tratamiento 3)
5) (Mil) intelligence

* * *

femenino

1)

a) (datos, detalles) information

para mayor información... — for further information...

el mostrador de información — the information desk

b) (Telec) information (AmE), directory enquiries (BrE)

2) (Period, Rad, TV) news

y ahora pasamos a la información internacional — and now for the foreign news

informaciones filtradas a la prensa — information o news leaked to the press

la página de la información cultural — the arts page

la información que llega de la zona — the news coming out of the area

3) (Inf) data (pl)

* * *

= data [datum, -sing.], datum [data, -pl.], details, information, informativeness, piece of information, info, information coverage, field data, bit of information.

Ex. Statistical tabular and numerical abstract are a means of summarising numerical data, which may be presented in its original format in a tabular form.

Ex. Thus, having entered the authority datum correctly once, we could be sure that no matter how many bibliographic records used it they would all do so with mechanical consistency.

Ex. With minimum authorization, details of the circulation and order records are not displayed.

Ex. Thus, the subject approach is extremely important in the access to and the exploitation of information, documents and data.

Ex. The informativeness of the index depends upon the information contents of the titles that comprise the index.

Ex. On other occasions a user wants every document or piece of information on a topic traced, and then high recall must be sought, to the detriment of precision.

Ex. The article is entitled 'CD-ROM reader as info walkman'.

Ex. Serious attention should be given to the coordination and improvement of bibliographic control at a national level to avoid duplication of effort and gaps in information coverage.

Ex. This paper discusses the technological revolution in field data collection systems for health sciences.

Ex. Outside the portacabin there is a board with a few useful bits of information, such as the temperature of the water, visibility, and opening/closing times.

----

* abuso de información confidencial = insider trading, insider dealing.

* abuso de información privilegiada = insider trading, insider dealing.

* acceso a la información por el autor = author approach.

* acceso a la información por el título = title approach.

* acceso a la información por la materia = subject approach to information, subject approach.

* actuación relacionada con la información = information action.

* ADONIS (Distribución automática de documentos a través de sistemas de inform = ADONIS (Automated Document Delivery Over Networked Information Systems).

* agencia de información = information agency.

* AGRIS (Sistema Internacional de Información sobre Agricultura) = AGRIS (International Agricultural Information System).

* aldea mundial de la información, la = global information village, the.

* alfabetización en información = information literacy.

* alfabeto en información = information literate [information-literate].

* almacenamiento de la información = information storage.

* almacenamiento y recuperación automatizada de la información = computerised information retrieval and storage.

* almacenamiento y recuperación de la información = information storage and retrieval (ISR).

* analfabetismo en información = information illiteracy.

* aparato para el uso de la información = information appliance.

* aplicaciones para la información = information solutions.

* área de información = communications area.

* asesor de información = information consultant.

* asesoría y oficina de información itinerante en furgón = mobile information and advice van.

* Asociación Nacional de Oficinas de Información al Consumidor (NACAB) = National Association of Citizens' Advice Bureaux (NACAB).

* ASTINFO (Red Regional para el Intercambio de Información y Experiencias de l = ASTINFO (Regional Network for the Exchange of Information and Experience in Science and Technology in Asia and the Pacific).

* atender una petición de información = satisfy + request for information.

* auditoría de la información = information audit, information auditing.

* auditoría de sistemas de información = information systems auditing, information systems audit.

* autopista de la información = information highway.

* basado en la información = information-based, information-intensive.

* base de datos con información confidencial = intelligence database.

* BLAISE (Servicio de Información Automatizada de la Biblioteca Británica) = BLAISE (British Library Automated Information Service).

* bloque funcional de información descriptiva = descriptive information block.

* broker de información = information broker, broker.

* buscador de información = information seeker, searcher.

* buscar información = mine + information, seek + information.

* búsqueda de información = fact-finding, quest for + information, information seeking.

* cadena de la información = information chain, the, information provision chain, the.

* campo de información = data field.

* capacidad de interpretar información espacial = spatial literacy.

* capacidad de interpretar información estadística = statistical literacy.

* capacidad de interpretar información gráfica = graphic literacy.

* capacidad de manejar la información = information handling.

* cargar información = load + information.

* centro coordinador de información = clearinghouse [clearing house].

* centro de análisis de la información = information analysis centre.

* centro de información = information agency, information centre.

* Centro de Información al Ciudadano = Public Information Center (PIC).

* centro de información ciudadana = community information centre, neighbourhood information centre (NIC).

* centro de información laboral = job information centre.

* centro de información sectorial = sectoral information centre.

* Centro de Información sobre el Ayuntamiento = Kommune Information Centre.

* centro especializado de proceso de información = clearinghouse [clearing house].

* centro municipal de información = local authority information outlet.

* circuito de la información = information chain, the, information provision chain, the.

* circulación de la información = flow of information.

* comercialización de la información = information brokerage, information broking, information brokering.

* Comité Conjunto para Sistemas de Información (JISC) = Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC).

* compañía dedicada a la información = information company.

* competencias de información = information literacy.

* competencias en información = information literacy.

* compilador de información = information gatherer.

* comportamiento de búsqueda de información = information-seeking behaviour.

* compresión de información = data compression.

* concienciar a Alguien de la importancia de la información = raise + information awareness.

* con conocimiento básico en el manejo de la información = information literate [information-literate].

* con información = information-bearing.

* con mucha información = populated.

* conocimientos básicos de búsqueda, recuperación y organización de la informa = information literacy.

* conocimientos en el manejo de la información = info-savvy.

* consciente de la importancia de la información = information conscious.

* consumo de información = consumption of information.

* contener información = carry + information.

* contenido de la información = information content.

* conversión de información = data conversion.

* crecimiento vertiginoso de la información, el = information explosion, the.

* CRISP (Recuperación Automatizada de Información sobre Proyectos Científicos) = CRISP (Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects).

* Cumbre Mundial sobre la Sociedad de la Información = World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS).

* cursos de gestión de información = management course.

* dar información = provide + information, give + information, release + information.

* dar información adicional = give + further details.

* dar información de = give + details of.

* derecho de acceso a la información = right of access to information.

* descubrimiento de información en las bases de datos = knowledge discovery in databases (KDD).

* destreza en la búsqueda de información en una biblioteca = library research skills.

* destrezas relacionadas con el uso de la información = information skills.

* destrezas relacionadas con la información = information skills.

* difundir información = hand out + information.

* difusión de información = information provision, provision of information, dissemination of information.

* difusión de la información = information diffusion, information dissemination.

* difusión selectiva de la información = SDI (selective dissemination of information).

* difusor de información = information disseminator.

* dirigir información a = direct + information towards.

* disco con información = data diskette, data disk.

* dispositivo de entrada de información mediante la voz = voice input device.

* distribución de información = content distribution, content delivery.

* distribución de información por suscripción = syndication.

* distribuidor de información = information provider.

* distribuidor de información en línea = host, online host.

* dosier de información = topic pack, package of information.

* dosiers de información para el público = self-help pack of information.

* ecología de la información = information ecology.

* economía de la información = information economy.

* elaborar información = digest + information.

* empresa de servicios de información = information broker, broker, information broking.

* empresario de la información = infopreneur.

* encargado de la tecnología de la información = information technologist.

* encontrar información = dredge up + information.

* enseñanza en la búsqueda de información = information instruction.

* enviar información a = direct + output.

* enviar información de un modo automático = push + information.

* envío de información por suscripción = syndication feed.

* era de la información = information era.

* era de la información, la = information age, the.

* escasez de información = information scarcity, information underload.

* esfera de la información, la = infosphere, the.

* especialista de la información = information specialist.

* estrategia de búsqueda de información = information seeking pattern.

* estrategia de gestión de la información = information management strategy.

* exceso de información = information overload.

* explosión de la información, la = information explosion, the.

* extracción de información (EI) = information extraction (IE).

* falta de información = lack of information.

* filtración de información = leakage of information.

* fórmula para la medición de la información de Brillouin = Brillouin's information measure.

* formulario de recogida de información = data collection form.

* fuente de información = information source, information store, source of information, source of data.

* fuente de información electrónica = electronic information source.

* fuente principal de información = chief source of information.

* fuentes de información = information base.

* gestionar información = handle + information.

* gestión de la información = information management, information handling.

* Gestión de los Recursos de Información (IRM) = Information Resources Management (IRM).

* gestor de información = information software package.

* gestor de la información = information manager, information handler.

* guerra de la información = information warfare.

* guía de fuentes de información = pathfinder.

* hábito de búsqueda de información = information-seeking habit.

* hacerse de información = secure + information.

* herramienta de recuperación de información = retrieval tool.

* herramienta para el uso de la información = information appliance.

* herramienta para la gestión de la información = information-managing tool.

* hoja con la información básica para Hacer Algo = data sheet [datasheet].

* industria de la información electrónica = electronic information industry.

* industria de la información en línea, la = online industry, the, online information industry, the.

* industria de la información, la = information industry, the.

* información adicional = further information, additional information.

* información administrativa = management information.

* información al consumidor = consumer information, consumer advice, consumer affairs.

* información a modo de ejemplo = sample data.

* información anterior al pedido = preorder information.

* información a través de la voz = voice information.

* información automatizada = computerised information.

* información básica = background information, background note.

* información bibliográfica = bibliographic data, bibliographic information.

* Información Bibliográfica Automatizada (MARBI) = MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic Information).

* información bursátil = share prices.

* información catalográfica = cataloguing data.

* información científica = scientific information, scholarly information.

* información científica y técnica = scientific and technical information (STI).

* información clínica = clinical information.

* información comerciable = tradeable information.

* información comercial = business information.

* información como artículo de consumo, la = information commodity.

* información como materia prima, la = information commodity.

* información complementaria = supplementary information, further information, further details.

* información comunitaria = community information.

* información confidencial = inside information, confidential information, insider information.

* información corporativa = economic intelligence.

* información de agencia = syndicated matters.

* información de alojamiento = housing information.

* información de archivo = archival information.

* información de autoridades = authority data, authority information.

* información de contacto = contact details, contact information.

* información de existencias por bibliotecas = local holdings information.

* información de fuente fidedigna = authoritative information.

* información de gestión = management data, management information.

* información de novedades = press release.

* información de ocio = infotainment.

* información deportiva = sporting news.

* información de precios = price information.

* información de precios de productos para el consumo = retail prices.

* información de supervivencia = survival information.

* información de texto completo = full-text information.

* información de última hora = news flash.

* información digital = digital information, digital data, digital content.

* información documentada = documented information.

* información documental = documentary information, document information.

* información económica = business news.

* información electrónica = electronic content [e-content], electronic information.

* información empresarial = business information, company information, industry information.

* información en defensa de las minorías = affirmative information.

* información en línea = online information.

* información en soporte = recorded information.

* información en su estado primario = raw information.

* información envasada = packaged data.

* información errónea = misinformation, dirty data, misstatement [mis-statement], misreporting.

* información específica = data element.

* información estadística = statistics, statistical data.

* información estratégica = strategic information.

* información factual = factual information.

* información fiable = accurate information.

* información geoespacial = geospatial data.

* información geográfica = geoinformation.

* información gráfica = graphic information.

* información gubernamental = government information.

* información indígena = indigenous information.

* información industrial = industrial information, industry information.

* información legal = legal information.

* información local = community information, local knowledge.

* información no codificada = non-coded information.

* información numérica = numeric data.

* información obtenida a través de intermediarios = mediated information.

* información oficial = official information, public information.

* información oficial del municipio = municipal information.

* información oral = voice information.

* información para hacer pedidos = order information.

* Información para la Administración Pública (IPA) = Information for Public Administration (IPA).

* información personal = personal information.

* información pictórica = pictorial information, pictorial data.

* información por defecto = default.

* información pormenorizada = step-by-step details.

* información por omisión = default.

* información práctica = practical information.

* información preempaquetada = pre-packaged information.

* información primaria = primary information.

* información privada = property data, private information.

* información privilegiada = insider information, privileged information.

* información pública = public information.

* información puntual = timely information.

* información que permite mejorar la situación social de Alguien = empowering information.

* información sanitaria = health information.

* información secreta = secret information.

* información secreta sobre un adversario = intelligence.

* información secundaria = secondary information.

* información sobre dietética = dietary information.

* información sobre educación = education information.

* información sobre el contenido = subject information.

* información sobre el tiempo que un determinado producto se anuncia en l = air play data.

* información sobre empresas = business intelligence.

* información sobre la competencia = business intelligence, competitive intelligence, competitive business intelligence, competitor intelligence.

* información sobre la flota pesquera = fleet statistics.

* información sobre la materia = subject data.

* información sobre localización y existencias = copy-specific holdings and location information.

* información sobre nutrición = nutrition information.

* información sobre patentes = patent information.

* información sobre propiedades inmobiliarias = real estate information.

* información sobre química = chemical information.

* información sobre salidas profesionales = career(s) information.

* información sobre ubicación = location information.

* información sobre ubicación y existencias = holdings information, holdings statement.

* información sobre ubicación y existencias = holdings and location information.

* información sobre una disciplina = discipline-oriented information.

* información sobre un producto = product literature.

* información sobre viajes = travel information.

* información técnica = technical information.

* información textual = textual information, text information, text knowledge, textual data, textual matter, textual document.

* información transmitida por fibra óptica = fibre optic-based information.

* información valiosísima = nugget of information.

* información visual = visual information.

* información viva = live information.

* Infraestructura Mundial para la Información = Global Information Infrastructure (GII).

* institución relacionada con la información = information organisation, information institution.

* Instituto de Información Científica (ISI) = Institute of Scientific Information (ISI).

* intercambiar información = exchange + data.

* intercambio de información = information exchange, information interchange.

* intercambio electrónico de información = electronic exchange of information.

* intermediario de la información = information intermediary, infomediary.

* introducir información = provide + input.

* jefe de los servicios de información = chief information officer (CIO).

* ladrón de información = info-thief.

* libertad de información = freedom of information (FOI).

* libre circulación de la información = free flow of information.

* licencia de acceso a información electrónica = license [licence, -USA], licensing.

* lleno de información = populated.

* localizar información = track down + information.

* más información = further information, further details.

* medios de microalmacenamiento de la información = microstorage media.

* medios digitalizados de almacenamiento de información = digitised media.

* mercado de la información = information market place, information market.

* metainformación = meta-information.

* microalmacenamiento de información = microstorage.

* minipaquete de información = mini-pack.

* modelo de recuperación de información por coincidencia óptima = best match model.

* mostrador de información = information desk, enquiry desk.

* mundo de la información, el = information world, the, information business, the, infosphere, the.

* navegar por la red en busca de información = surf for + information.

* necesidad de información = information need.

* NISTF (Grupo de Trabajo sobre los Sistemas Nacionales de Información de la A = NISTF (Society of American Archivists National Information Systems Task Force).

* no revelar información = keep + silent, keep + silence.

* no tener información = be undocumented.

* objeto de información electrónico = electronic information object.

* obtener información = obtain + information, glean + information, gain + information, pick up + information, secure + information.

* obtener información de = elicit + information from.

* oficina de información = information office, visitor's centre.

* Oficina de Información al Ciudadano (CAB) = Citizens' Advice Bureau (CAB).

* oficina de información turística = tourism information office.

* ofrecer información = provide + information, provide + details, supply + information, offer + information, package + information, furnish + information.

* operaciones de información = information operations.

* orientado hacia la información = information-driven.

* PADI (Preservación de Información Digital Australiana) = PADI (Preservation of Australian Digital Information).

* PADIS (Sistema de Información para el Desarrollo de Africa) = PADIS (Pan-African Development Information System).

* país productor de información científica = science producer.

* panel luminoso de información de tráfico = variable road sign.

* pantalla de información = frame, screen display.

* pantalla de información breve = short information display, short information screen.

* pantalla de información completa = full information display, full information screen.

* paquete de información = pack, information kit.

* para la gestión de información textual = text-handling.

* para más información = for further details.

* para mayor información sobre = for details of.

* para mayor información véase + Nombre = see + Nombre + for further details.

* pedir información = request + information.

* pedir información de = ask for + details of.

* pedir información sobre = enquire of [inquire of, -USA].

* petición de información de referencia = reference enquiry.

* plantilla de recogida de información = data collection form.

* pobre en información = info-poor.

* pobres en información = information have-nots.

* pobres en información, los = information-poor, the.

* pobreza de información = information poverty.

* política de información = information provision, information strategy, information policy.

* política de información nacional = national information policy.

* presentar información = submit + information, package + information.

* presentar información de varios modos = repackage + information.

* procesamiento de información = information processing.

* proceso de transferencia de la información = information transfer process.

* producto de la información = information commodity.

* profesional de la información = information officer, information professional, information worker, info pro.

* profesional de las bibliotecas y la información = library and information professional.

* profesional de la tecnología de la información = informatics professional.

* profesionales de la información, los = information community, the.

* profesionales de las bibliotecas y la información, los = library and information profession, the.

* promovido por el propio sistema de información = information-led.

* proporcionar información = release + information.

* protección de información entre fronteras = transborder data protection.

* protección de la información = data protection.

* proveedor de información a través de la red = content provider.

* punto de información = information kiosk.

* que necesita la información = information-dependent.

* que transmite información = information-bearing.

* recabar información = solicit + information.

* recoger información = collect + data, collect + information, gather + information, summon + knowledge, harvest + information.

* recogida de información = information gathering.

* recopilar información = gather + information, collate + information.

* recuperación de información = data retrieval.

* recuperación de información de lógica di = fuzzy data retrieval.

* recuperación de información de lógica difusa = fuzzy data retrieval.

* recuperación de información en varias lenguas = cross-language information retrieval (CLIR).

* recuperación de información (RI) = information retrieval (IR).

* recurso de información = information asset.

* recursos de información autodidácticos = self help resources.

* red de información = data network, information network.

* relacionado con la información = information-related.

* reorganizar la información = repackage + information.

* repleto de información = information packed [information-packed].

* responsable de la tecnología de la información = information technologist.

* reunir información = pool + information.

* revolución de la información, la = information revolution, the.

* rico en información = information-rich, info-rich.

* ricos en información = information haves.

* ricos en información, los = information-rich, the.

* sala de información = information lobby.

* sector de la información, el = information sector, the, infosphere, the.

* servicio de difusión selectiva de la información = SDI service.

* servicio de información = information service, information delivery service, information utility.

* servicio de información al consumidor = Consumer Advice Centre (CAC), consumer advisory service.

* servicio de información ciudadana = community information service.

* servicio de información electrónica = electronic information service.

* servicio de información en línea = online information service.

* servicio de información local = local information service.

* servicio de información sectorial = sectoral information service.

* servicios de información = Information and Referral services.

* servicios de información bibliográfica = bibliographical services.

* servicios de información y referencia = I&R services (Information and Referral).

* servidor de información = information server.

* SIGLE (Sistema de Información sobre Literatura Gris en Europa) = SIGLE (System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe).

* sin conservar información sobre las consultas realizadas anteri = stateless.

* síndrome de la sobrecarga de información = information fatigue syndrome.

* sin información sobre el estado anterior = stateless.

* sintetizar información = synthesise + information.

* sistema automatizado para la recuperación de información = computerised information retrieval system.

* sistema de almacenamiento y recuperación de la información = information storage and retrieval system.

* sistema de cobro por la información usada = information metering.

* sistema de gestión de la información (SGI) = information management system (IMS).

* sistema de información = information system.

* Sistema de Información Bibliotecario = LIBRIS.

* sistema de información documental = document information system.

* sistema de información integrado = integrated information system.

* sistema de información sectorial = sectoral information system.

* sistema de procesamiento de información = information processing system.

* sistema de recuperación de información = IR system.

* sistema de recuperación de información por medio de menús = menu-based information retrieval system.

* sistema de suministro de información = information supply system.

* sistema óptico de información = optical information system.

* sistema para información geográfica (SIG) = Geographical Information System (GIS).

* sistema para la información de gestión = management information system (MIS).

* Sistema para la Información Geográfica (SIG) = Geographic Information System (GIS).

* sitio web de información = content site, content Web site.

* sobrecarga de información = information overload.

* sobreinformación = information overload.

* sociedad de la información, la = information society, the.

* solicitar información = request + information.

* soporte de información = data medium.

* soportes de la información = information carrying media.

* subtítulo y/o información complementaria sobre el título = other title information.

* suministrar información = dispense + information, purvey + information.

* suministro de información = information-giving.

* superautopista de la información = information superhighway.

* tareas relacionadas con la información = information operations.

* técnica de recuperación de información por coincidencia óptima = best match technique.

* tecnología de envío de información de un modo automático = push technology.

* tecnología de la información = informatics, infotech.

* tecnología de la información aplicada a la archivística = archival informatics.

* tecnología de la información para ciencias de la salud = health informatics.

* tecnología de la información para medicina = medical informatics.

* tecnología de la información (TI) = information technology (IT).

* tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones = information and communication technologies (ICTs).

* técnologo de la información sanitaria = informatician.

* tener acceso a información confidencial = be on the inside.

* tener poca información = be information poor.

* teoría de la información = information theory.

* TIP (El Lugar de Información) = TIP (The Information Place).

* todo el mundo debe tener acceso a la información = access for all.

* trabajo de información y de las bibliotecas = library and information work.

* tráfico de información = data traffic.

* transferencia de información = information transfer.

* transferencia de información entre países = transborder data flow (TBDF).

* transferencia electrónica de información = electronic transfer of information.

* transmisión de información = information flow, information transmission.

* transmisión de información a través de la voz = voice transmission.

* transmitir información = convey + information.

* tratamiento de la información = information handling.

* tratamiento específico de la información = specific approach.

* tratar información = handle + information.

* trozo de información = tidbit [titbit, -USA].

* UAP (Accesibilidad Universal a la Información) = UAP (Universal Availability of Information).

* una mina de información = a mine of information.

* unidad de información = unit of information, information division, information subdivision.

* universo de la información, el = information universe, the.

* uso compartido de la información = information sharing.

* usuario de la información = information browser.

* usuario que busca información = information searcher.

* véase + Nombre + para más información = refer to + Nombre + for details.

* * *

femenino

1)

a) (datos, detalles) information

para mayor información... — for further information...

el mostrador de información — the information desk

b) (Telec) information (AmE), directory enquiries (BrE)

2) (Period, Rad, TV) news

y ahora pasamos a la información internacional — and now for the foreign news

informaciones filtradas a la prensa — information o news leaked to the press

la página de la información cultural — the arts page

la información que llega de la zona — the news coming out of the area

3) (Inf) data (pl)

* * *

= data [datum, -sing.], datum [data, -pl.], details, information, informativeness, piece of information, info, information coverage, field data, bit of information.

Ex: Statistical tabular and numerical abstract are a means of summarising numerical data, which may be presented in its original format in a tabular form.

Ex: Thus, having entered the authority datum correctly once, we could be sure that no matter how many bibliographic records used it they would all do so with mechanical consistency.

Ex: With minimum authorization, details of the circulation and order records are not displayed.

Ex: Thus, the subject approach is extremely important in the access to and the exploitation of information, documents and data.

Ex: The informativeness of the index depends upon the information contents of the titles that comprise the index.

Ex: On other occasions a user wants every document or piece of information on a topic traced, and then high recall must be sought, to the detriment of precision.

Ex: The article is entitled 'CD-ROM reader as info walkman'.

Ex: Serious attention should be given to the coordination and improvement of bibliographic control at a national level to avoid duplication of effort and gaps in information coverage.

Ex: This paper discusses the technological revolution in field data collection systems for health sciences.

Ex: Outside the portacabin there is a board with a few useful bits of information, such as the temperature of the water, visibility, and opening/closing times.

* abuso de información confidencial = insider trading, insider dealing.

* abuso de información privilegiada = insider trading, insider dealing.

* acceso a la información por el autor = author approach.

* acceso a la información por el título = title approach.

* acceso a la información por la materia = subject approach to information, subject approach.

* actuación relacionada con la información = information action.

* ADONIS (Distribución automática de documentos a través de sistemas de inform = ADONIS (Automated Document Delivery Over Networked Information Systems).

* agencia de información = information agency.

* AGRIS (Sistema Internacional de Información sobre Agricultura) = AGRIS (International Agricultural Information System).

* aldea mundial de la información, la = global information village, the.

* alfabetización en información = information literacy.

* alfabeto en información = information literate [information-literate].

* almacenamiento de la información = information storage.

* almacenamiento y recuperación automatizada de la información = computerised information retrieval and storage.

* almacenamiento y recuperación de la información = information storage and retrieval (ISR).

* analfabetismo en información = information illiteracy.

* aparato para el uso de la información = information appliance.

* aplicaciones para la información = information solutions.

* área de información = communications area.

* asesor de información = information consultant.

* asesoría y oficina de información itinerante en furgón = mobile information and advice van.

* Asociación Nacional de Oficinas de Información al Consumidor (NACAB) = National Association of Citizens' Advice Bureaux (NACAB).

* ASTINFO (Red Regional para el Intercambio de Información y Experiencias de l = ASTINFO (Regional Network for the Exchange of Information and Experience in Science and Technology in Asia and the Pacific).

* atender una petición de información = satisfy + request for information.

* auditoría de la información = information audit, information auditing.

* auditoría de sistemas de información = information systems auditing, information systems audit.

* autopista de la información = information highway.

* basado en la información = information-based, information-intensive.

* base de datos con información confidencial = intelligence database.

* BLAISE (Servicio de Información Automatizada de la Biblioteca Británica) = BLAISE (British Library Automated Information Service).

* bloque funcional de información descriptiva = descriptive information block.

* broker de información = information broker, broker.

* buscador de información = information seeker, searcher.

* buscar información = mine + information, seek + information.

* búsqueda de información = fact-finding, quest for + information, information seeking.

* cadena de la información = information chain, the, information provision chain, the.

* campo de información = data field.

* capacidad de interpretar información espacial = spatial literacy.

* capacidad de interpretar información estadística = statistical literacy.

* capacidad de interpretar información gráfica = graphic literacy.

* capacidad de manejar la información = information handling.

* cargar información = load + information.

* centro coordinador de información = clearinghouse [clearing house].

* centro de análisis de la información = information analysis centre.

* centro de información = information agency, information centre.

* Centro de Información al Ciudadano = Public Information Center (PIC).

* centro de información ciudadana = community information centre, neighbourhood information centre (NIC).

* centro de información laboral = job information centre.

* centro de información sectorial = sectoral information centre.

* Centro de Información sobre el Ayuntamiento = Kommune Information Centre.

* centro especializado de proceso de información = clearinghouse [clearing house].

* centro municipal de información = local authority information outlet.

* circuito de la información = information chain, the, information provision chain, the.

* circulación de la información = flow of information.

* comercialización de la información = information brokerage, information broking, information brokering.

* Comité Conjunto para Sistemas de Información (JISC) = Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC).

* compañía dedicada a la información = information company.

* competencias de información = information literacy.

* competencias en información = information literacy.

* compilador de información = information gatherer.

* comportamiento de búsqueda de información = information-seeking behaviour.

* compresión de información = data compression.

* concienciar a Alguien de la importancia de la información = raise + information awareness.

* con conocimiento básico en el manejo de la información = information literate [information-literate].

* con información = information-bearing.

* con mucha información = populated.

* conocimientos básicos de búsqueda, recuperación y organización de la informa = information literacy.

* conocimientos en el manejo de la información = info-savvy.

* consciente de la importancia de la información = information conscious.

* consumo de información = consumption of information.

* contener información = carry + information.

* contenido de la información = information content.

* conversión de información = data conversion.

* crecimiento vertiginoso de la información, el = information explosion, the.

* CRISP (Recuperación Automatizada de Información sobre Proyectos Científicos) = CRISP (Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects).

* Cumbre Mundial sobre la Sociedad de la Información = World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS).

* cursos de gestión de información = management course.

* dar información = provide + information, give + information, release + information.

* dar información adicional = give + further details.

* dar información de = give + details of.

* derecho de acceso a la información = right of access to information.

* descubrimiento de información en las bases de datos = knowledge discovery in databases (KDD).

* destreza en la búsqueda de información en una biblioteca = library research skills.

* destrezas relacionadas con el uso de la información = information skills.

* destrezas relacionadas con la información = information skills.

* difundir información = hand out + information.

* difusión de información = information provision, provision of information, dissemination of information.

* difusión de la información = information diffusion, information dissemination.

* difusión selectiva de la información = SDI (selective dissemination of information).

* difusor de información = information disseminator.

* dirigir información a = direct + information towards.

* disco con información = data diskette, data disk.

* dispositivo de entrada de información mediante la voz = voice input device.

* distribución de información = content distribution, content delivery.

* distribución de información por suscripción = syndication.

* distribuidor de información = information provider.

* distribuidor de información en línea = host, online host.

* dosier de información = topic pack, package of information.

* dosiers de información para el público = self-help pack of information.

* ecología de la información = information ecology.

* economía de la información = information economy.

* elaborar información = digest + information.

* empresa de servicios de información = information broker, broker, information broking.

* empresario de la información = infopreneur.

* encargado de la tecnología de la información = information technologist.

* encontrar información = dredge up + information.

* enseñanza en la búsqueda de información = information instruction.

* enviar información a = direct + output.

* enviar información de un modo automático = push + information.

* envío de información por suscripción = syndication feed.

* era de la información = information era.

* era de la información, la = information age, the.

* escasez de información = information scarcity, information underload.

* esfera de la información, la = infosphere, the.

* especialista de la información = information specialist.

* estrategia de búsqueda de información = information seeking pattern.

* estrategia de gestión de la información = information management strategy.

* exceso de información = information overload.

* explosión de la información, la = information explosion, the.

* extracción de información (EI) = information extraction (IE).

* falta de información = lack of information.

* filtración de información = leakage of information.

* fórmula para la medición de la información de Brillouin = Brillouin's information measure.

* formulario de recogida de información = data collection form.

* fuente de información = information source, information store, source of information, source of data.

* fuente de información electrónica = electronic information source.

* fuente principal de información = chief source of information.

* fuentes de información = information base.

* gestionar información = handle + information.

* gestión de la información = information management, information handling.

* Gestión de los Recursos de Información (IRM) = Information Resources Management (IRM).

* gestor de información = information software package.

* gestor de la información = information manager, information handler.

* guerra de la información = information warfare.

* guía de fuentes de información = pathfinder.

* hábito de búsqueda de información = information-seeking habit.

* hacerse de información = secure + information.

* herramienta de recuperación de información = retrieval tool.

* herramienta para el uso de la información = information appliance.

* herramienta para la gestión de la información = information-managing tool.

* hoja con la información básica para Hacer Algo = data sheet [datasheet].

* industria de la información electrónica = electronic information industry.

* industria de la información en línea, la = online industry, the, online information industry, the.

* industria de la información, la = information industry, the.

* información adicional = further information, additional information.

* información administrativa = management information.

* información al consumidor = consumer information, consumer advice, consumer affairs.

* información a modo de ejemplo = sample data.

* información anterior al pedido = preorder information.

* información a través de la voz = voice information.

* información automatizada = computerised information.

* información básica = background information, background note.

* información bibliográfica = bibliographic data, bibliographic information.

* Información Bibliográfica Automatizada (MARBI) = MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic Information).

* información bursátil = share prices.

* información catalográfica = cataloguing data.

* información científica = scientific information, scholarly information.

* información científica y técnica = scientific and technical information (STI).

* información clínica = clinical information.

* información comerciable = tradeable information.

* información comercial = business information.

* información como artículo de consumo, la = information commodity.

* información como materia prima, la = information commodity.

* información complementaria = supplementary information, further information, further details.

* información comunitaria = community information.

* información confidencial = inside information, confidential information, insider information.

* información corporativa = economic intelligence.

* información de agencia = syndicated matters.

* información de alojamiento = housing information.

* información de archivo = archival information.

* información de autoridades = authority data, authority information.

* información de contacto = contact details, contact information.

* información de existencias por bibliotecas = local holdings information.

* información de fuente fidedigna = authoritative information.

* información de gestión = management data, management information.

* información de novedades = press release.

* información de ocio = infotainment.

* información deportiva = sporting news.

* información de precios = price information.

* información de precios de productos para el consumo = retail prices.

* información de supervivencia = survival information.

* información de texto completo = full-text information.

* información de última hora = news flash.

* información digital = digital information, digital data, digital content.

* información documentada = documented information.

* información documental = documentary information, document information.

* información económica = business news.

* información electrónica = electronic content [e-content], electronic information.

* información empresarial = business information, company information, industry information.

* información en defensa de las minorías = affirmative information.

* información en línea = online information.

* información en soporte = recorded information.

* información en su estado primario = raw information.

* información envasada = packaged data.

* información errónea = misinformation, dirty data, misstatement [mis-statement], misreporting.

* información específica = data element.

* información estadística = statistics, statistical data.

* información estratégica = strategic information.

* información factual = factual information.

* información fiable = accurate information.

* información geoespacial = geospatial data.

* información geográfica = geoinformation.

* información gráfica = graphic information.

* información gubernamental = government information.

* información indígena = indigenous information.

* información industrial = industrial information, industry information.

* información legal = legal information.

* información local = community information, local knowledge.

* información no codificada = non-coded information.

* información numérica = numeric data.

* información obtenida a través de intermediarios = mediated information.

* información oficial = official information, public information.

* información oficial del municipio = municipal information.

* información oral = voice information.

* información para hacer pedidos = order information.

* Información para la Administración Pública (IPA) = Information for Public Administration (IPA).

* información personal = personal information.

* información pictórica = pictorial information, pictorial data.

* información por defecto = default.

* información pormenorizada = step-by-step details.

* información por omisión = default.

* información práctica = practical information.

* información preempaquetada = pre-packaged information.

* información primaria = primary information.

* información privada = property data, private information.

* información privilegiada = insider information, privileged information.

* información pública = public information.

* información puntual = timely information.

* información que permite mejorar la situación social de Alguien = empowering information.

* información sanitaria = health information.

* información secreta = secret information.

* información secreta sobre un adversario = intelligence.

* información secundaria = secondary information.

* información sobre dietética = dietary information.

* información sobre educación = education information.

* información sobre el contenido = subject information.

* información sobre el tiempo que un determinado producto se anuncia en l = air play data.

* información sobre empresas = business intelligence.

* información sobre la competencia = business intelligence, competitive intelligence, competitive business intelligence, competitor intelligence.

* información sobre la flota pesquera = fleet statistics.

* información sobre la materia = subject data.

* información sobre localización y existencias = copy-specific holdings and location information.

* información sobre nutrición = nutrition information.

* información sobre patentes = patent information.

* información sobre propiedades inmobiliarias = real estate information.

* información sobre química = chemical information.

* información sobre salidas profesionales = career(s) information.

* información sobre ubicación = location information.

* información sobre ubicación y existencias = holdings information, holdings statement.

* información sobre ubicación y existencias = holdings and location information.

* información sobre una disciplina = discipline-oriented information.

* información sobre un producto = product literature.

* información sobre viajes = travel information.

* información técnica = technical information.

* información textual = textual information, text information, text knowledge, textual data, textual matter, textual document.

* información transmitida por fibra óptica = fibre optic-based information.

* información valiosísima = nugget of information.

* información visual = visual information.

* información viva = live information.

* Infraestructura Mundial para la Información = Global Information Infrastructure (GII).

* institución relacionada con la información = information organisation, information institution.

* Instituto de Información Científica (ISI) = Institute of Scientific Information (ISI).

* intercambiar información = exchange + data.

* intercambio de información = information exchange, information interchange.

* intercambio electrónico de información = electronic exchange of information.

* intermediario de la información = information intermediary, infomediary.

* introducir información = provide + input.

* jefe de los servicios de información = chief information officer (CIO).

* ladrón de información = info-thief.

* libertad de información = freedom of information (FOI).

* libre circulación de la información = free flow of information.

* licencia de acceso a información electrónica = license [licence, -USA], licensing.

* lleno de información = populated.

* localizar información = track down + information.

* más información = further information, further details.

* medios de microalmacenamiento de la información = microstorage media.

* medios digitalizados de almacenamiento de información = digitised media.

* mercado de la información = information market place, information market.

* metainformación = meta-information.

* microalmacenamiento de información = microstorage.

* minipaquete de información = mini-pack.

* modelo de recuperación de información por coincidencia óptima = best match model.

* mostrador de información = information desk, enquiry desk.

* mundo de la información, el = information world, the, information business, the, infosphere, the.

* navegar por la red en busca de información = surf for + information.

* necesidad de información = information need.

* NISTF (Grupo de Trabajo sobre los Sistemas Nacionales de Información de la A = NISTF (Society of American Archivists National Information Systems Task Force).

* no revelar información = keep + silent, keep + silence.

* no tener información = be undocumented.

* objeto de información electrónico = electronic information object.

* obtener información = obtain + information, glean + information, gain + information, pick up + information, secure + information.

* obtener información de = elicit + information from.

* oficina de información = information office, visitor's centre.

* Oficina de Información al Ciudadano (CAB) = Citizens' Advice Bureau (CAB).

* oficina de información turística = tourism information office.

* ofrecer información = provide + information, provide + details, supply + information, offer + information, package + information, furnish + information.

* operaciones de información = information operations.

* orientado hacia la información = information-driven.

* PADI (Preservación de Información Digital Australiana) = PADI (Preservation of Australian Digital Information).

* PADIS (Sistema de Información para el Desarrollo de Africa) = PADIS (Pan-African Development Information System).

* país productor de información científica = science producer.

* panel luminoso de información de tráfico = variable road sign.

* pantalla de información = frame, screen display.

* pantalla de información breve = short information display, short information screen.

* pantalla de información completa = full information display, full information screen.

* paquete de información = pack, information kit.

* para la gestión de información textual = text-handling.

* para más información = for further details.

* para mayor información sobre = for details of.

* para mayor información véase + Nombre = see + Nombre + for further details.

* pedir información = request + information.

* pedir información de = ask for + details of.

* pedir información sobre = enquire of [inquire of, -USA].

* petición de información de referencia = reference enquiry.

* plantilla de recogida de información = data collection form.

* pobre en información = info-poor.

* pobres en información = information have-nots.

* pobres en información, los = information-poor, the.

* pobreza de información = information poverty.

* política de información = information provision, information strategy, information policy.

* política de información nacional = national information policy.

* presentar información = submit + information, package + information.

* presentar información de varios modos = repackage + information.

* procesamiento de información = information processing.

* proceso de transferencia de la información = information transfer process.

* producto de la información = information commodity.

* profesional de la información = information officer, information professional, information worker, info pro.

* profesional de las bibliotecas y la información = library and information professional.

* profesional de la tecnología de la información = informatics professional.

* profesionales de la información, los = information community, the.

* profesionales de las bibliotecas y la información, los = library and information profession, the.

* promovido por el propio sistema de información = information-led.

* proporcionar información = release + information.

* protección de información entre fronteras = transborder data protection.

* protección de la información = data protection.

* proveedor de información a través de la red = content provider.

* punto de información = information kiosk.

* que necesita la información = information-dependent.

* que transmite información = information-bearing.

* recabar información = solicit + information.

* recoger información = collect + data, collect + information, gather + information, summon + knowledge, harvest + information.

* recogida de información = information gathering.

* recopilar información = gather + information, collate + information.

* recuperación de información = data retrieval.

* recuperación de información de lógica di = fuzzy data retrieval.

* recuperación de información de lógica difusa = fuzzy data retrieval.

* recuperación de información en varias lenguas = cross-language information retrieval (CLIR).

* recuperación de información (RI) = information retrieval (IR).

* recurso de información = information asset.

* recursos de información autodidácticos = self help resources.

* red de información = data network, information network.

* relacionado con la información = information-related.

* reorganizar la información = repackage + information.

* repleto de información = information packed [information-packed].

* responsable de la tecnología de la información = information technologist.

* reunir información = pool + information.

* revolución de la información, la = information revolution, the.

* rico en información = information-rich, info-rich.

* ricos en información = information haves.

* ricos en información, los = information-rich, the.

* sala de información = information lobby.

* sector de la información, el = information sector, the, infosphere, the.

* servicio de difusión selectiva de la información = SDI service.

* servicio de información = information service, information delivery service, information utility.

* servicio de información al consumidor = Consumer Advice Centre (CAC), consumer advisory service.

* servicio de información ciudadana = community information service.

* servicio de información electrónica = electronic information service.

* servicio de información en línea = online information service.

* servicio de información local = local information service.

* servicio de información sectorial = sectoral information service.

* servicios de información = Information and Referral services.

* servicios de información bibliográfica = bibliographical services.

* servicios de información y referencia = I&R services (Information and Referral).

* servidor de información = information server.

* SIGLE (Sistema de Información sobre Literatura Gris en Europa) = SIGLE (System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe).

* sin conservar información sobre las consultas realizadas anteri = stateless.

* síndrome de la sobrecarga de información = information fatigue syndrome.

* sin información sobre el estado anterior = stateless.

* sintetizar información = synthesise + information.

* sistema automatizado para la recuperación de información = computerised information retrieval system.

* sistema de almacenamiento y recuperación de la información = information storage and retrieval system.

* sistema de cobro por la información usada = information metering.

* sistema de gestión de la información (SGI) = information management system (IMS).

* sistema de información = information system.

* Sistema de Información Bibliotecario = LIBRIS.

* sistema de información documental = document information system.

* sistema de información integrado = integrated information system.

* sistema de información sectorial = sectoral information system.

* sistema de procesamiento de información = information processing system.

* sistema de recuperación de información = IR system.

* sistema de recuperación de información por medio de menús = menu-based information retrieval system.

* sistema de suministro de información = information supply system.

* sistema óptico de información = optical information system.

* sistema para información geográfica (SIG) = Geographical Information System (GIS).

* sistema para la información de gestión = management information system (MIS).

* Sistema para la Información Geográfica (SIG) = Geographic Information System (GIS).

* sitio web de información = content site, content Web site.

* sobrecarga de información = information overload.

* sobreinformación = information overload.

* sociedad de la información, la = information society, the.

* solicitar información = request + information.

* soporte de información = data medium.

* soportes de la información = information carrying media.

* subtítulo y/o información complementaria sobre el título = other title information.

* suministrar información = dispense + information, purvey + information.

* suministro de información = information-giving.

* superautopista de la información = information superhighway.

* tareas relacionadas con la información = information operations.

* técnica de recuperación de información por coincidencia óptima = best match technique.

* tecnología de envío de información de un modo automático = push technology.

* tecnología de la información = informatics, infotech.

* tecnología de la información aplicada a la archivística = archival informatics.

* tecnología de la información para ciencias de la salud = health informatics.

* tecnología de la información para medicina = medical informatics.

* tecnología de la información (TI) = information technology (IT).

* tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones = information and communication technologies (ICTs).

* técnologo de la información sanitaria = informatician.

* tener acceso a información confidencial = be on the inside.

* tener poca información = be information poor.

* teoría de la información = information theory.

* TIP (El Lugar de Información) = TIP (The Information Place).

* todo el mundo debe tener acceso a la información = access for all.

* trabajo de información y de las bibliotecas = library and information work.

* tráfico de información = data traffic.

* transferencia de información = information transfer.

* transferencia de información entre países = transborder data flow (TBDF).

* transferencia electrónica de información = electronic transfer of information.

* transmisión de información = information flow, information transmission.

* transmisión de información a través de la voz = voice transmission.

* transmitir información = convey + information.

* tratamiento de la información = information handling.

* tratamiento específico de la información = specific approach.

* tratar información = handle + information.

* trozo de información = tidbit [titbit, -USA].

* UAP (Accesibilidad Universal a la Información) = UAP (Universal Availability of Information).

* una mina de información = a mine of information.

* unidad de información = unit of information, information division, information subdivision.

* universo de la información, el = information universe, the.

* uso compartido de la información = information sharing.

* usuario de la información = information browser.

* usuario que busca información = information searcher.

* véase + Nombre + para más información = refer to + Nombre + for details.

* * *

información

feminine

A

1 (datos, detalles) information

necesito más información sobre el tema I need more information on the subject, I need to know more about the subject

para mayor información llamar al siguiente número for further details o information call the following number

para su información les comunicamos el nuevo horario de apertura ( frml); we are pleased to inform you of our new opening times ( frml)

el mostrador de información the information desk

2 ( Telec) directory assistance ( AmE), information ( AmE), directory enquiries ( BrE)

3 ( Mil) intelligence, information

B ( Period, Rad, TV)

1 (noticias) news

y ahora pasamos a la información internacional and now for the foreign news

la información que llega de la zona es confusa the news coming out of the area is confused, the reports coming out of the area are confused

¿en qué página viene la información cultural? where's the arts page?

2 (noticia) news item

continuamos con el resto de las informaciones and now here is the rest of the news

informaciones filtradas a la prensa information o news leaked to the press

C ( Inf) data (pl)

* * *

información sustantivo femenino
1
a) (datos, detalles) information;

◊ el mostrador de información the information desk

b) (Telec) information (AmE), directory enquiries (BrE)

2 (Period, Rad, TV) news;
◊ la información internacional the foreign news

3 (Inf) data (pl)
información sustantivo femenino
1 information
oficina de información, information bureau
(en un aeropuerto) information desk
2 (de periódico, radio, TV) news sing
3 Tel directory enquiries pl o directory assistance
' información' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acudir
- ciega
- ciego
- confidente
- consulta
- cruzarse
- desinformación
- dorso
- esconder
- fichar
- genética
- genético
- meteorológica
- meteorológico
- mina
- oscuras
- oscuridad
- procesar
- recabar
- recoger
- recogida
- referencia
- registrar
- reservada
- reservado
- retazo
- reunir
- sacacorchos
- sesgada
- sesgado
- sigilo
- solicitar
- sonsacar
- suministrar
- transparencia
- transparente
- venir
- acceso
- actualizar
- adulterar
- autopista
- banco
- callar
- ciencia
- codificar
- comunicar
- confuso
- copioso
- cotejar
- dar
English:
amass
- apply for
- brief
- briefing
- chart
- CIA
- circulate
- classified
- collect
- collection
- credit bureau
- detail
- dig out
- directory assistance
- directory enquiries
- disseminate
- dropout
- enquiry
- erroneous
- extract
- gather
- information
- information desk
- information superhighway
- inquiry
- inside information
- insider
- insider dealing
- insider trading
- intelligence
- interchange
- interested
- keep from
- leak
- material
- media studies
- MIS
- news agency
- operator
- pending
- process
- pump
- quotable
- release
- retain
- scan
- scanty
- send away for
- shall
- source

* * *

información nf

1. [conocimiento] information;

estoy buscando información sobre este autor I'm looking for information on this writer;

para tu información for your information;

para mayor información, visite nuestra página web for more information visit our website;

información confidencial inside information;

información privilegiada privileged information

2. [noticias] news [singular];
[noticia] report, piece of news;
hemos recibido informaciones contradictorias sobre el accidente we have received conflicting reports about the accident;

ciencias de la información media studies

Comp
información deportiva sports news;
información meteorológica weather report o forecast

3. [oficina] information office;

(el mostrador de) información the information desk;

Sr. López, acuda a información would Mr López please come to the information desk

4. [telefónica] Br directory enquiries, US information

Comp
información horaria Br speaking clock, US (telephone) time-of-day service
5. Biol información genética genetic information

6. Informát [datos] data

* * *

información

f

1 information;

información genética BIO genetic information

2 ( noticias) news sg

* * *

información nf, pl - ciones

1) : information

2) informe: report, inquiry

3) noticias: news

* * *

información n

1. (en general) information

busco información sobre los loros I'm looking for some information about parrots

2. (noticias) news

información nacional national news

3. (recepción) information desk

4. (de teléfonos) directory enquiries

Spanish-English dictionary > información
16 oposición

f.

1 opposition, reluctance, resistance.

2 opposition, reaction, counteraction, objection.

3 Opposition benches.

* * *

oposición

► nombre femenino

1 (antagonismo) opposition

2 (examen) competitive examination

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

preparar las oposiciones to study for a competitive exam

* * *

noun f.

1) opposition

2) competitive exam

* * *

SF

1) [gen] opposition

oposición frontal — direct opposition, total opposition

2) Esp
(tb: oposiciones) Civil Service examination
hay varias plazas de libre oposición o de oposición libre — there are several places that will be filled on the basis of a competitive examination

sacar unas oposiciones — to be successful in a public competition

hacer oposiciones a..., presentarse a unas oposiciones a... — to sit an examination for...

hacer oposiciones para una cátedra — to compete for a chair
OPOSICIONES Being a civil servant in Spain means having a job for life, but applicants for public-sector jobs must pass competitive exams called oposiciones. The candidates (opositores) must sit a series of written exams and/or attend interviews. Some applicants spend years studying for and resitting exams, so preparing candidates for oposiciones is a major source of work for many academias. All public-sector appointments that are open to competition are published in the BOE, an official government publication.
See:

ver nota culturelle ACADEMIA in academia,

ver nota culturelle BOE

* * *

femenino

1)

a) ( enfrentamiento) opposition

oposición A algo — opposition to something

b) (Pol) opposition

2) (Esp, Ven) ( concurso) (public) competitive examination

hacer oposiciones — to take o (BrE) sit a competitive examination
•• Cultural note:
oposiciones

In Spain, competitive examinations for people wanting a public-sector job, to teach in a state secondary school, or to become a judge. The large number of candidates, or opositores - much higher than the number of posts available - means that the exams are very difficult. Those successful obtain very secure employment. Many people have private coaching for the exams

* * *

= opposition, antagonism, counteraction [counter-action].

Ex. I would like to ask each of them to tell us whether in fact there is a clear difference of opinion and direct opposition or whether there is no real inconsistency.

Ex. The influx of large numbers of Spanish-speaking people has brought to the surface feelings of antagonism on the part established residents, who feel threatened by the 'encroachment' of 'have-nots' into their neighborhoods.

Ex. For the individual who seeks to react rationally, whether by personal complaint or collective counteraction, it is often difficult even to discover the information which is needed to make a start.

----

* eludir una oposición = negotiate + resistance.

* encontrar oposición = meet with + opposition, find + opposition.

* en oposición a = as against, versus (vs - abreviatura).

* grupo de la oposición = opposition group.

* oposición + crear = opposition + line up.

* oposición, la = political opposition, the.

* oposición política, la = political opposition, the.

* partido de la oposición = opposition party.

* sin oposición = without opposition, unchallenged, unopposed.

* * *

femenino

1)

a) ( enfrentamiento) opposition

oposición A algo — opposition to something

b) (Pol) opposition

2) (Esp, Ven) ( concurso) (public) competitive examination

hacer oposiciones — to take o (BrE) sit a competitive examination
•• Cultural note:
oposiciones

In Spain, competitive examinations for people wanting a public-sector job, to teach in a state secondary school, or to become a judge. The large number of candidates, or opositores - much higher than the number of posts available - means that the exams are very difficult. Those successful obtain very secure employment. Many people have private coaching for the exams

* * *

la oposición

(n.) = political opposition, the

Ex: He then took the wind out of the sails of the political opposition two weeks ago when they had him on the run and he agreed to a general election.

= opposition, antagonism, counteraction [counter-action].

Ex: I would like to ask each of them to tell us whether in fact there is a clear difference of opinion and direct opposition or whether there is no real inconsistency.

Ex: The influx of large numbers of Spanish-speaking people has brought to the surface feelings of antagonism on the part established residents, who feel threatened by the 'encroachment' of 'have-nots' into their neighborhoods.

Ex: For the individual who seeks to react rationally, whether by personal complaint or collective counteraction, it is often difficult even to discover the information which is needed to make a start.

* eludir una oposición = negotiate + resistance.

* encontrar oposición = meet with + opposition, find + opposition.

* en oposición a = as against, versus (vs - abreviatura).

* grupo de la oposición = opposition group.

* oposición + crear = opposition + line up.

* oposición, la = political opposition, the.

* oposición política, la = political opposition, the.

* partido de la oposición = opposition party.

* sin oposición = without opposition, unchallenged, unopposed.

* * *

oposición

feminine

oposiciones (↑ oposición a1)

A

1 (enfrentamiento) opposition oposición A algo opposition TO sth

hubo una fuerte oposición popular a la nueva ley there was strong popular opposition to the law

2 ( Pol) opposition

B ( Esp) (examen) (public) competitive examination

ganó la plaza por oposición he got the post by taking o ( BrE) sitting a competitive examination

estoy preparando oposiciones I'm studying for my exams

* * *

oposición sustantivo femenino
1 ( en general) opposition
2 (Esp, Ven) ( concurso) (public) competitive examination;
◊ hacer oposiciones to take o (BrE) sit a competitive examination

oposición sustantivo femenino
1 (enfrentamiento, disparidad) opposition: la oposición votó en contra de la ley, the opposition voted against the bill
2 (examen para funcionario) competitive/entrance examination: se presentará a la próxima oposición para profesor universitario, he'll take the next competitive exam for the position of university professor
' oposición' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acosar
- brecha
- contra
- convocatoria
- encontrarse
- firme
- flexibilizar
- interpelar
- líder
- manifestarse
- pasarse
- resistencia
- salpicar
- temario
- tribunal
- callar
- criollo
- declarar
- frontal
- partido
- provincia
- tierra
English:
call
- opposition
- quash
- shadow cabinet
- stand down
- uncontested
- unopposed
- back
- face
- minority

* * *

oposición nf

1. [resistencia] opposition (a to);
la oposición de mis padres a que haga este viaje es total my parents are totally opposed to me going on this trip

2. [política]
la oposición the opposition;

los partidos de la oposición the opposition parties

3. [examen] = competitive public examination for employment in the civil service, education, legal system etc;

oposición a profesor = public examination to obtain a state teaching post;

preparar oposiciones to be studying for a public examination;

conseguir una plaza por oposición to obtain a post by sitting a public examination

OPOSICIONES

When a Spanish person wishes to work in the civil service (this includes becoming a teacher in a state school), he or she has to take oposiciones. These are public examinations held to fill vacancies on a national, provincial or local basis. The positions attained through these exams normally imply a job for life (with a working day from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m.), and they are much sought after in a country with a tradition of high unemployment. There are usually far too many candidates for every job advertised, so the requirements listed can be extremely rigorous: if you apply to be a postal worker or a clerk you may have to show an in-depth knowledge of the Constitution and of Spanish cultural issues. This is why many people spend years preparing for these examinations, especially for posts with more responsibility.

* * *

oposición

f

1 POL opposition

2

:

oposiciones pl official entrance exams

* * *

oposición nf, pl - ciones : opposition

* * *

oposición n

1. (en general) opposition

2. (examen) competitive examination

hacer oposiciones to sit an examination

Spanish-English dictionary > oposición
17 Hand

f; -, Hände

1. hand; feuchte Hände haben have wet hands; auf / mit der flachen Hand in / with the palm of one’s hand; in der hohlen Hand in the hollow of one’s hand; mit ruhiger / sicherer Hand with a steady / sure hand; keine Hand frei haben not have a hand free; Hände hoch ( oder ich schieße)! hands up (or I’ll shoot)!; Hände weg! hands off!; an der / jemandes Hand gehen walk holding hands / holding s.o.’s hand; sie hatte ihr Kind an der Hand she was holding her child’s hand, she had her child by the hand; jemanden an die oder bei der Hand nehmen take s.o.’s hand; auf Händen und Füßen kriechen on all fours, on one’s hands and knees; aus der Hand legen oder geben put aside; jemandem aus der Hand lesen read s.o.’s hand; bei der Hand oder zur Hand at hand, handy; durch ( Heben der) Hand abstimmen by a show of hands; in Händen halten geh. hold in one’s hands; Hand in Hand gehen walk hand in hand; in die oder zur Hand nehmen pick s.th. up; mit Händen und Füßen reden gesticulate, talk with one’s hands; sich mit Händen und Füßen wehren umg. auch fig. fight tooth and nail; mit der Hand machen etc.: by hand; mit der oder von Hand gemacht / gemalt etc. handmade / handpainted etc.; zu Händen auf Brief: c / o (= care of); amtlich: att., Attention; zur linken / rechten oder linker / rechter Hand on the left-hand / right-hand side; Hand anlegen (an + Akk) take s.th. in hand; ( mit) Hand anlegen lend a hand; Hand an sich (Akk) legen euph. commit suicide; letzte Hand an etw. (Akk) legen add the finishing touches to; jemandem die Hand auflegen segnend: lay one’s hand on s.o.; jemandem die Hand geben oder reichen oder schütteln shake hands with s.o.; ( gib mir die) Hand drauf! (let’s) shake on it!; es war so dunkel, dass man die Hand nicht vor den Augen sehen konnte it was so dark you couldn’t see your hand in front of your face

2. fig. Wendungen, mit Adj.: die öffentliche Hand the authorities, the state; jemandes rechte Hand s.o.’s right-hand man ( oder woman); die Tote Hand JUR. mortmain; aus bester Hand on good authority; aus erster Hand first-hand; ich hab’s aus erster Hand I got it straight from the horse’s mouth; aus privater Hand privately; aus zweiter Hand kaufen etc.: second-hand; Erlebnis, erleben: vicarious(ly); eine feste Hand brauchen need a firm hand; sie ist in festen Händen umg. she’s accounted for, she’s booked; jemandem freie Hand lassen give s.o. a free hand; in guten Händen sein be in good hands; eine glückliche oder geschickte Hand haben have the right touch ( mit for); sie hat eine ( glückliche) Hand mit she knows how to handle; mit Menschen, Pflanzen etc.: she has a way with; besser als in die hohle Hand geschissen vulg. better than a poke in the eye (with a burnt [Am. sharp] stick), better than nothing; alle oder beide Hände voll zu tun haben umg. generell: have a lot on one’s plate; mit jemandem/etw.: have one’s hands full with s.o./s.th.; mit beiden Händen zugreifen jump at the chance; von langer Hand long beforehand; mit leeren Händen dastehen / weggehen be left / go away empty-handed; jemandem etw. zu treuen Händen geben geh. give s.th. to s.o. for safekeeping; ( aber) zu treuen Händen! geh. hum. (but) I want it etc. back!; mit vollen Händen liberally; sein Geld mit vollen Händen ausgeben throw one’s money about (Am. around); hinter vorgehaltener Hand sprechen etc.: off the record; link... 1

3. fig. Wendungen, mit Präp.: jemandem etw. an die Hand geben (Argumente, Informationen etc.) hand s.o. s.th., pass s.th. on to s.o., make s.th. available to s.o.; an der Hand haben umg. know of, know where to find, be able to get hold of; (Person) auch have contacts with s.o.; ( bar) auf die Hand cash in hand; es liegt ( klar) auf der Hand it’s (so) obvious; jemanden auf Händen tragen wait on s.o. hand and foot; Hand aufs Herz! (ich lüge nicht) cross my heart; (sei ehrlich) be honest; jemandem aus der Hand fressen umg. eat out of s.o.’s hand; aus der Hand geben part with; (Posten etc.) auch give up; er gibt oder lässt es nicht aus der Hand auch he won’t let go of it, he won’t let anyone else have it ( oder take it from him); mit Kritik ist er immer schnell bei der Hand umg. he’s always very quick to criticize; durch jemandes Hände gehen go through s.o.’s hands; schon durch viele Hände gegangen sein have been through several hands; Hand in Hand arbeiten work together, cooperate (closely); das geht Hand in Hand mit... it goes hand in hand with..., it goes together with...; jemandem in die Hände arbeiten play into s.o.’s hands; in die Hände bekommen (etw., jemanden) get one’s hands on; jemandem in die Hände fallen fall into s.o.’s hands; jemanden in der Hand haben have s.o. in one’s grip; etw. gegen jemanden in der Hand haben have s.th. on s.o.; sich in der Hand haben have everything under control, have a firm grip on o.s.; wir haben die Lage in der Hand we’ve got the situation under control; du hast es in der Hand oder es liegt in deiner Hand it’s up to you; in jemandes Hand sein Person: be in s.o.’s hands, be up to s.o.; das Restaurant ist in griechischer Hand the restaurant is run by a Greek landlord; unser Hotel war fest in italienischer Hand the vast majority of guests in our hotel were Italians; in die Hände spucken umg., fig. roll up one’s sleeves; jemandem etw. in die Hand versprechen promise s.o. s.th. ( oder s.th. to s.o.); seine Hand ins Feuer legen für put one’s hand into the fire for; die Hände in den Schoß legen (nicht arbeiten) take it easy; (sich untätig verhalten) sit on one’s hands; seine Hand oder Hände im Spiel haben have a hand in it; etw. in die Hand nehmen Aufgabe etc.: take charge of s.th.; die Sache in die Hand nehmen take the initiative; jemandem (etw.) in die Hände spielen play (s.th.) into s.o.’s hands; es ist mit Händen zu greifen it sticks out a mile ( oder like a sore thumb) umg.; seine Hand ( schützend) über jemanden halten take s.o. under one’s wing, shield ( oder protect) s.o.; die Hände über dem Kopf zusammenschlagen umg. throw up one’s hands in horror; um jemandes Hand anhalten oder bitten ask for s.o.’s hand; unter der Hand (nicht offiziell) unofficially; (privat) kaufen etc.: privately; (heimlich, illegal) under the counter; (nebenbei) on the side; jemandem unter den Händen zerrinnen Geld etc.: go through s.o.’s fingers like water; die Arbeit geht ihm flott von der Hand he’s a fast worker; von der Hand in den Mund leben live from hand to mouth; von der Hand weisen (verwerfen, abtun) dismiss; (leugnen) deny; es ist nicht von der Hand zu weisen it can’t be denied, there’s no denying ( oder getting away from) it; von jemandes Hand sterben etc. geh. die by s.o.’s hand; von Hand zu Hand gehen go ( oder be passed) from hand to hand; jemandem zur oder an die Hand gehen lend s.o. a hand; sie hat immer eine Antwort zur Hand auch she’s always got an answer pat (Am. ready), she’s never at a loss for words; anhand, wegsterben

4. fig. sonstige Wendungen: Hand und Fuß haben Plan etc.: make sense, hold water; was er macht, hat Hand und Fuß he doesn’t do things in ( oder by) half measures; ich würde mir für ihn die Hand abhacken lassen umg. I’d cut off my right arm for him; die Hand aufhalten oder hinhalten umg., meist pej. hold out one’s hand; einander die Hand geben Ereignisse etc.: follow hard on each other’s heels, happen in close succession; die Ereignisse gaben einander die Hand auch one thing led to another; jemandem die Hand ( fürs Leben) reichen marry s.o.; jemandem die Hand zur Versöhnung reichen offer s.o. one’s hand as a sign of reconciliation; die beiden können einander die Hand reichen they’re two of a kind; im negativen Sinne: auch they’re as bad as each other, one’s as bad as the other; (sie sind in der gleichen Lage) they’re in the same boat; von seiner Hände Arbeit leben live by the work of one’s hands; sich (Dat) die Hände reiben vor heimlicher Freude: rub one’s hands; eine Hand wäscht die andere Sprichwort you scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours, one hand washes the other altm.; ich wasche meine Hände in Unschuld geh. I wash my hands in innocence; ausrutschen, gebunden II 2, küssen

5. (Schrift) hand

6. Kartenspiel: hand; eine gute / schlechte Hand a good / bad (od. poor) hand; auf der Hand in one’s hand; aus der Hand spielen nicht vom Tisch, Dummy: play from one’s hand; ( aus der) Hand spielen Skat: play from one’s hand (without picking up the discard)

7. Fußball: ( das war) Hand! handball!

—

Hand2

f; -, - oder Hände; Maßangabe: zwei Hand breit etwa a foot wide; eine Hand voll konkret: a handful; (wenige) a handful

* * *

die Hand

hand

* * *
Hạnd
* * *

die

(the part of the body at the end of the arm.) hand

* * *

Hand

<-, Hände>

[hant, pl ˈhɛndə]

f

1. ANAT hand

mit seiner Hände Arbeit (geh) with one's own hands

jdm die \Hand auflegen to lay one's hands on sb

man kann die \Hand nicht vor den Augen sehen one can't see one's hand in front of one's face

aus der \Hand zeichnen freehand; essen with one's fingers

jdm aus der \Hand fressen Tier to eat out of sb's hand

jdm rutscht die \Hand aus (fam) sb hits out in anger

jdm die \Hand bieten [o reichen] (geh) to give sb one's hand, to extend one's hand to sb

mit der bloßen \Hand, mit bloßen Händen with one's bare hands

jdm die \Hand drücken/schütteln to press/shake sb's hand

jdm etw in die \Hand drücken to slip sth into sb's hand

die \Hand zur Faust ballen to clench one's fist

mit der flachen \Hand with the flat [or palm] of one's hand

keine \Hand frei haben to have both hands full

jdm/sich die \Hand geben [o (geh) reichen] to shake sb's hand

sie reichten sich zur Begrüßung/Versöhnung die Hand [o Hände] they greeted each other/made peace by shaking hands

sich dat auf etw akk die \Hand geben to shake hands on sth

etw in der Hand [o in [den] Händen] halten [o haben] to have sth [in one's hands]

Hände hoch [oder ich schieße]! hands up [or I'll shoot]!

eine hohle \Hand machen to cup one's hands

aus der hohlen \Hand from one's cupped hands

\Hand in \Hand hand in hand

in die Hände klatschen to clap [one's hands]; (Beifall) to applaud

jdm die \Hand küssen to kiss sb's hand

küss die \Hand! ÖSTERR (o veraltet) your servant old; (guten Tag) how do you do? form; (auf Wiedersehen) good day

etw aus der \Hand legen to put down sth sep

jdm aus der \Hand lesen to read sb's palm [or hand]

jdm die Zukunft aus der \Hand lesen to tell sb's future [by reading sb's palm [or hand]]

linker/rechter \Hand on the left/right

zur linken/rechten \Hand on the left-hand/right-hand side

mit der \Hand by hand

jdn an die \Hand nehmen to take sb by the hand [or sb's hand]

jdm etw aus der \Hand/den Händen nehmen to take sth from [or off] sb, to take sth out of sb's hand/hands

sie nahm ihrem Kind das Messer aus der \Hand she took the knife away from her child

jdn bei der \Hand nehmen [o fassen] to take hold of sb's hand

etw in die [o zur] \Hand nehmen to pick up sth sep

sich dat die Hände reiben to rub one's hands [together]

eine ruhige [o sichere] \Hand a steady hand; (fig) a sure hand

mit sanfter \Hand with a gentle hand

jdm etw aus der \Hand schlagen to knock sth out of sb's hand

die Hände in die Seiten stemmen to put one's hands on one's hips

für vier Hände, zu vier Händen MUS

Klavierstück für vier Hände [o zu vier Händen] piano piece for four hands

zu vier Händen spielen to play a [piano] duet

von \Hand by hand; bedienen a. manually

von \Hand genäht/geschrieben hand-sewn/handwritten

Hände weg! (fam) hands [or fam mitts] off!

2.

<-, - o Hände>

(Maß)

ein paar \Hand [o Hände] voll Kirschen a few handfuls of cherries

eine \Hand voll Häuser (fig) a handful of houses

eine \Hand/zwei \Hand [o Hände] breit six inches/a foot wide

eine \Hand breit Wein im Fass six inches of wine in the barrel

ein zwei \Hand [o Hände] breiter Riss a foot-wide crack, a crack a foot wide

3. pl (Besitz)

▪ Hände hands

der Besitz gelang in fremde Hände the property passed into foreign hands

in jds Hände übergehen to pass into sb's hands

in fremde Hände übergehen to change hands

4. POL

die öffentliche \Hand, die öffentlichen Hände (der Staat) the government, central government; (die Gemeinde) local government

durch die öffentliche \Hand finanziert financed by the public sector

5. JUR

die Tote \Hand mortmain spec

etw an die Tote \Hand veräußern to amortize sth hist

6. kein pl FBALL handball

der Schiedsrichter erkannte auf \Hand the referee blew for handball

\Hand machen to handle the ball

7. (sl: Boxen) punch

8. kein pl (veraltend: Handschrift) hand

9. ÖSTERR (fam: Arm) arm

10.

▶ die \Hand für jdn/etw abhacken [o abschlagen] lassen (fam) to stake one's life on sb/sth

▶ die [o seine] \Hand von jdm abziehen (geh) to stop protecting sb

▶ an \Hand einer S. gen with the aid of sth

▶ die \Hand in anderer [o fremder] Leute Tasche haben to live in other people's pockets

▶ um jds \Hand anhalten [o bitten] (veraltend geh) to request [or ask for] sb's hand in marriage dated

▶ [bei etw dat] [selbst] [mit] \Hand anlegen to lend a hand [with sth]

▶ jdm/etw in die \Hand [o Hände] arbeiten to play into sb's hands/the hands of sth

▶ [mit jdm] \Hand in \Hand arbeiten to work hand in hand [with sb]; (geheim) to work hand in glove [with sb]

▶ [bar] auf die [flache] \Hand (fam) cash in hand

100 Euro auf die \Hand [bekommen/gezahlt] €100 [paid] in cash

▶ aus der \Hand offhand

aus der \Hand weiß ich nicht genau I don't know exactly offhand

▶ jd kann etw an beiden Händen abzählen [o abfingern] (fam) sb can do sth with one hand [tied] behind their back

▶ jdn/etw in die \Hand [o Hände] bekommen [o (fam) kriegen] to get one's hands on sb/sth; (zufällig) to come across sb/sth

▶ besser als in die hohle Hand gespuckt (fam) [o (derb) geschissen] better than a slap in the face with a wet fish hum

▶ bei jdm in besten Händen sein to be in safe hands with sb

bei ihr sind Sie damit in besten Händen you're in safe hands with her as far as that is concerned

▶ jdn um jds \Hand bitten (veraltend geh) to ask sb for sb's hand in marriage dated

▶ seine Hände mit Blut befleckt haben (geh) to have blood on one's hands

▶ \Hand drauf! (fam) promise!, swear!

▶ aus erster/zweiter \Hand first-hand/second-hand; (vom ersten/zweiten Eigentümer) with one previous owner/two previous owners

Informationen aus zweiter \Hand second-hand information

etw aus erster \Hand wissen to have first-hand knowledge of sth

▶ jdm in die Hände fallen to fall into sb's hands

▶ jdm in die \Hand [o Hände] fallen [o kommen]:

schaut mal, was mir zufällig in die Hände gefallen ist! look what I came across by chance!

▶ in festen Händen sein (fam) to be spoken for

▶ für jdn/etw seine [o die] \Hand ins Feuer legen to vouch for sb/sth

▶ fleißige Hände (fleißige Arbeiter) hard workers; (Bereitwillige) willing hands

▶ freie \Hand haben to have a free hand

▶ jdm freie \Hand lassen to give sb a free hand

bei der Regelung dieser Angelegenheit lassen wir Ihnen freie \Hand we give you free rein in settling this matter

▶ von fremder \Hand from a stranger

die Unterschrift stammt von fremder \Hand this is a stranger's signature

▶ jdm aus der \Hand fressen (fam) to eat out of sb's hand

▶ \Hand und Fuß haben to be well thought out

▶ weder \Hand noch Fuß haben to have no rhyme or reason, to make no sense

dieser Plan hat weder \Hand noch Fuß there's no rhyme or reason to this plan

▶ mit Händen und Füßen (hum: gestikulierend) with gestures; (fam: heftig) tooth and nail

etw mit Händen und Füßen erklären to use gestures to explain sth

▶ jdm etw an die \Hand geben to provide sb with sth, to make sth available to sb

▶ jdm auf etw akk die \Hand geben to promise sb sth [faithfully]

jdm die \Hand darauf geben, dass... to promise sb [faithfully] that...

▶ etw aus der \Hand geben (weggeben) to let sth out of one's hands; (leihen) to lend sth; (verzichten) to relinquish sth

▶ jdn/etw in jds \Hand geben (geh) to place sb/sth in sb's hands

▶ jdm sind die Hände [und Füße] gebunden, jds Hände sind gebunden sb's hands are tied

▶ jdm [bei etw dat] an die \Hand gehen to give [or lend] sb a hand [with sth]

▶ durch jds Hände [o \Hand] gehen to pass through sb's hands

▶ [mit etw dat] \Hand in \Hand gehen to go hand in hand [with sth]

▶ jdm geht etw gut [o leicht] [o (fam) flott] von der \Hand sb finds sth easy

am Computer gehen einem viele Textarbeiten leicht von der \Hand working with texts is easy on a computer

▶ von \Hand zu \Hand gehen to pass from hand to hand

▶ jdm zur \Hand gehen to lend sb a [helping] hand

▶ bei/in etw dat eine glückliche \Hand haben [o beweisen] [o zeigen] (richtig handeln) to know the right thing to do with sth; (Gewinn erzielen) to have the Midas touch with sth; (Geschick aufweisen) to have a [natural] flair for sth

▶ mit Händen zu greifen sein to be as plain as a pikestaff [or fam the nose on your face]

▶ eine grüne \Hand haben to have green fingers BRIT fam

▶ jdn [für etw akk] an der \Hand haben (fam) to have sb on hand [for sth]

für Autoreparaturen habe ich jemand an der \Hand I've got someone on hand who can fix cars

▶ etw bei der \Hand haben to have sth handy [or to hand]; (parat) to have sth ready

▶ etw in der \Hand haben to have sth in one's hands

ich habe diese Entscheidung nicht in der \Hand this decision is not in [or is out of] my hands

▶ etw gegen jdn in der \Hand haben to have sth on sb

▶ jdn [fest] in der \Hand haben to have sb [well] in hand

▶ sich akk in der \Hand haben to have oneself under control [or fam a grip on oneself]

▶ etw unter den Händen haben to be working on sth

▶ die [o seine] \Hand auf etw dat halten (fam) to keep a tight rein on sth

die \Hand auf der Tasche halten (fam: kontrollieren) to hold the purse strings; (geizen) to be tight-fisted fam

▶ die [o seine [schützende]] \Hand über jdn halten (geh) to protect sb

▶ \Hand aufs Herz! (versprochen!) cross my/your heart [and hope to die], [give me your/I give you my] word of honour BRIT [or AM honor]; (ehrlich!) honest/be honest!

▶ die [hohle] [o seine] \Hand hinhalten [o aufhalten] (fam) to hold out one's hand [for money]

▶ nicht in die hohle \Hand! (fam) nothing at all

▶ in jds Händen sein to be in sb's hands

▶ [bei jdm] in guten/richtigen/sicheren Händen sein to be in good/the right/safe hands [with sb]

▶ klebrige Hände haben (fam) to have sticky fingers fam

▶ die Hände überm Kopf zusammenschlagen (fam) to throw one's hands up in amazement/horror

▶ von langer \Hand well in advance

▶ jdm die \Hand [zum Bund] fürs Leben reichen (geh) to marry sb

▶ mit leeren Händen empty-handed

▶ \Hand an jdn legen (geh: angreifen) to assault sb; (töten) to take sb's life

▶ \Hand an sich akk legen (geh) to take one's own life

▶ die [o seine] \Hand auf etw akk legen (geh) to lay [one's] hands on sth

▶ etw in jds \Hand [o Hände] legen (geh) to entrust sb with sth

▶ mit leichter \Hand effortlessly, with ease

▶ leitende [o lenkende] \Hand guiding hand

▶ [die] letzte \Hand an etw akk legen to put the finishing touches to sth

▶ [klar] auf der \Hand liegen (fam) to be [perfectly] obvious

▶ in jds \Hand liegen [o stehen] (geh) to be in sb's hands

▶ mit der linken Hand (fam) easily, [as] easy as pie fam

▶ eine lockere [o lose] \Hand haben (fam) to let fly [or lash out] at the slightest provocation

▶ eine milde [o offene] \Hand haben to give generously, to be open-handed

▶ von der \Hand in den Mund leben to live from hand to mouth

▶ jdm etw aus der \Hand nehmen to relieve sb of sth

▶ etw in die \Hand nehmen (sich darum kümmern) to attend to [or take care of] sth; (übernehmen) to take sth in hand [oneself]

etw allein [o selbst] in die [eigene] \Hand nehmen to take sth into one's own hands

▶ aus [o von] privater \Hand privately, from a private individual

„aus privater \Hand abzugeben“ “private sale”

▶ jds rechte \Hand sein to be sb's right-hand man

▶ dann können wir uns dat die \Hand reichen! shake!, snap! fam

▶ sich dat [o (geh) einander] die Hände reichen können to be tarred with the same brush

▶ keine \Hand rühren (fam) to not lift a finger

▶ jdm die Hände schmieren [o versilbern] (fam) to grease sb's palm fam

▶ schmutzige Hände haben (geh) to be involved in dubious practices

▶ mit etw dat schnell [o flink] [o gleich] bei der \Hand sein (fam) to be quick to do sth

▶ die Hände in den Schoß legen [o in die Taschen stecken] to sit back and do nothing

▶ in jds \Hand sein to be in sb's hands

dieses Geschäft ist in türkischer \Hand this business is owned by Turks

▶ [bei etw dat] die Hand [o seine Hand] [o seine Hände] [mit] im Spiel haben to have a hand in sth; Eifersucht, Motiv to have a part to play in sth

überall seine Hand [o Hände] im Spiel haben to have a [or one's] finger in every pie

▶ jdm etw in die \Hand [o Hände] spielen to pass sth on to sb

▶ in die Hände spucken (fam) to roll up one's sleeves sep

▶ mit starker [o fester] \Hand with a firm hand; (strenger) with an iron hand

▶ jdn auf Händen tragen to fulfil [or AM fulfill] sb's every wish

▶ etw zu treuen Händen nehmen (usu hum geh) to take sth into one's care

▶ jdm etw zu treuen Händen übergeben (usu hum geh) to give sth to sb for safekeeping, to entrust sth to sb

▶ seine Hände in Unschuld waschen (geh) to wash one's hands of it/sb/sth

▶ unter der \Hand secretly, on the quiet fam

etw unter der \Hand erfahren to hear sth through the grapevine

etw unter der \Hand kaufen/verkaufen to buy/sell sth under the counter [or table]

▶ jdm etw in die \Hand versprechen to promise sb sth [faithfully]

▶ alle [o beide] Hände voll zu tun haben (fam) to have one's hands full

▶ mit vollen Händen (verschwenderisch) excessively; (großzügig) generously

das [o sein] Geld mit vollen Händen ausgeben to spend one's money left, right and centre [or AM center] [or fam hand over fist]

▶ von jds \Hand (geh) at sb's hand

▶ hinter vorgehaltener \Hand in confidence, off the record

▶ eine \Hand wäscht die andere (prov) you scratch my back [and] I'll scratch yours prov

▶ jdm unter der \Hand [o den Händen] wegsterben (fam) to die while under sb's care

▶ etw von der \Hand weisen to deny sth

▶ etw lässt sich akk nicht von der \Hand weisen, etw ist nicht von der \Hand zu weisen sth cannot be denied

es lässt sich nicht von der \Hand weisen there's no denying it

es ist nicht von der \Hand zu weisen, dass... there's no denying that...

▶ jdm unter den Händen zerrinnen [o schmelzen] to slip through sb's fingers

▶ zu Händen

zu Händen [von] Herrn Weissner For the attention of Mr Weissner, Attn: Mr Weissner

▶ jdm zuckt es in der \Hand [o den Händen] sb's itching to hit sb fam

▶ etw zur \Hand haben to have sth handy [or to hand]

▶ zur \Hand sein to be at hand

▶ mit etw dat zur \Hand sein to be ready with sth

▶ zwei linke Hände haben (fam) to have two left hands fam, BRIT fam also to be all fingers and thumbs

* * *

die; Hand, Hände

1) hand

eine Hand voll — a handful

mit der rechten/linken Hand — with one's right/left hand

jemandem die Hand geben od. (geh.) reichen — shake somebody's hand; shake somebody by the hand

jemandem die Hand drücken/schütteln — press/shake somebody's hand

eine Hand frei haben — have a free hand

Hände hoch! — hands up!

jemanden an die od. (geh.) bei der Hand nehmen — take somebody by the hand

jemandem etwas aus der Hand nehmen — take something out of somebody's hand/hands

etwas aus der Hand legen — put something down

jemandem aus der Hand lesen — read somebody's hand or palm

etwas in die/zur Hand nehmen — pick something up

etwas in der Hand/den Händen haben od. (geh.) halten — have got or hold something in one's hand/hands

in die Hände klatschen — clap one's hands

mit Händen und Füßen reden — use gestures to make oneself understood

etwas mit der Hand schreiben/nähen — write/sew something by hand

von Hand — by hand

Hand in Hand gehen — go or walk hand-in-hand

jemandem etwas in die Hand versprechen — promise somebody something faithfully

2) o. Pl. (Fußball) handball

3) (in Wendungen)

was hältst du davon - Hand aufs Herz! — what do you think? - be honest

eine Hand wäscht die andere — you scratch my back and 1'll scratch yours

jemandem sind die Hände gebunden — somebody's hands are tied

Hand und Fuß/weder Hand noch Fuß haben — (ugs.) make sense/no sense

[bei etwas selbst mit] Hand anlegen — lend a hand [with something]; die od

seine Hand aufhalten — (ugs.) hold out one's hand

letzte Hand an etwas (Akk.) legen — put the finishing touches pl. to something

sich (Dat.) od. (geh.) alle od. beide Hände damit voll haben, etwas zu tun — (ugs.) have one's hands full doing something

die Hände in den Schoß legen — sit back and do nothing

bei etwas die od. seine Hände [mit] im Spiel haben — have a hand in something

die Hände über dem Kopf zusammenschlagen — (ugs.) throw up one's hands in horror

zwei linke Hände haben — (ugs.) have two left hands (coll.)

eine lockere od. lose Hand haben — (ugs.) hit out at the slightest provocation

eine glückliche Hand bei etwas haben — have a feel for the right choice in something

linker/rechter Hand — on or to the left/right

[klar] auf der Hand liegen — (ugs.) be obvious

jemanden auf Händen tragen — lavish every kind of care and attention on somebody

ein Auto/Möbel aus erster Hand — a car/furniture which has/had had one [previous] owner

etwas aus erster Hand wissen — know something at first hand; have first-hand knowledge of something

Kleidung aus zweiter Hand — second-hand clothes pl.

jemandem aus der Hand fressen — eat out of somebody's hand (fig.)

etwas aus der Hand geben — (weggeben) let something out of one's hands; (aufgeben) give something up

jemandem etwas aus der Hand nehmen — relieve somebody of something

etwas bei der Hand haben — (greifbar haben) have something handy; (parat haben) have something ready

mit etwas schnell od. rasch bei der Hand sein — (ugs.) be ready [with something]

Hand in Hand arbeiten — work hand in hand

mit etwas Hand in Hand gehen — go hand in hand with something

hinter vorgehaltener Hand — off the record

in die Hände spucken — spit on one's hands; (fig. ugs.) roll up one's sleeves (fig.)

jemanden/etwas in die Hand od. Hände bekommen — lay or get one's hands on somebody/get one's hands on something

jemandem in die Hände fallen — fall into somebody's hands

jemanden in der Hand haben — have or hold somebody in the palm of one's hand

etwas in die Hand nehmen — take something in hand

in jemandes Hand (Dat.) sein od. (geh.) liegen — be in somebody's hands

in sicheren od. guten Händen sein — be in safe or good hands

sich mit Händen und Füßen gegen etwas sträuben od. wehren — (ugs.) fight tooth and nail against something

mit leeren Händen — emptyhanded

das Geld mit vollen Händen ausgeben — spend money like water

um jemandes Hand anhalten od. bitten — (geh. veralt.) ask for somebody's hand [in marriage]

unter der Hand — (fig.) on the quiet

etwas unter der Hand erfahren — hear something on the grapevine

das geht ihm gut/leicht von der Hand — he finds that no trouble

etwas von langer Hand vorbereiten — plan something well in advance

die Nachteile/seine Argumente sind nicht von der Hand zu weisen — the disadvantages cannot be denied/his arguments cannot [simply] be dismissed

von der Hand in den Mund leben — live from hand to mouth

jemandem zur Hand gehen — lend somebody a hand

zu Händen [von] Herrn Müller — for the attention of Herr Müller; attention Herr Müller; s. auch öffentlich 1.

4)

an Hand — s. anhand

* * *

Hand¹ f; -, Hände

1. hand;

feuchte Hände haben have wet hands;

auf/mit der flachen Hand in/with the palm of one’s hand;

in der hohlen Hand in the hollow of one’s hand;

mit ruhiger/sicherer Hand with a steady/sure hand;

keine Hand frei haben not have a hand free;

Hände hoch (oder ich schieße)! hands up (or I’ll shoot)!;

Hände weg! hands off!;

an der/jemandes Hand gehen walk holding hands/holding sb’s hand;

sie hatte ihr Kind an der Hand she was holding her child’s hand, she had her child by the hand;

jemanden an die oder

bei der Hand nehmen take sb’s hand;

auf Händen und Füßen kriechen on all fours, on one’s hands and knees;

aus der Hand legen oder

geben put aside;

jemandem aus der Hand lesen read sb’s hand;

bei der Hand oder

zur Hand at hand, handy;

durch (Heben der) Hand abstimmen by a show of hands;

in Händen halten geh hold in one’s hands;

Hand in Hand gehen walk hand in hand;

in die oder

zur Hand nehmen pick sth up;

mit Händen und Füßen reden gesticulate, talk with one’s hands;

sich mit Händen und Füßen wehren umg auch fig fight tooth and nail;

mit der Hand machen etc: by hand;

mit der oder

von Hand gemacht/gemalt etc handmade/handpainted etc;

zu Händen auf Brief: c/o (= care of); amtlich: att., Attention;

zur linken/rechten oder

linker/rechter Hand on the left-hand/right-hand side;

Hand anlegen (

an +akk) take sth in hand;

(mit) Hand anlegen lend a hand;

Hand an sich (akk)

legen euph commit suicide;

letzte Hand an etwas (akk)

legen add the finishing touches to;

jemandem die Hand auflegen segnend: lay one’s hand on sb;

jemandem die Hand geben oder

reichen oder

schütteln shake hands with sb;

(gib mir die) Hand drauf! (let’s) shake on it!;

es war so dunkel, dass man die Hand nicht vor den Augen sehen konnte it was so dark you couldn’t see your hand in front of your face

2. fig Wendungen, mit adj:

die öffentliche Hand the authorities, the state;

jemandes rechte Hand sb’s right-hand man ( oder woman);

die Tote Hand JUR mortmain;

aus bester Hand on good authority;

aus erster Hand first-hand;

ich hab’s aus erster Hand I got it straight from the horse’s mouth;

aus privater Hand privately;

aus zweiter Hand kaufen etc: second-hand; Erlebnis, erleben: vicarious(ly);

eine feste Hand brauchen need a firm hand;

sie ist in festen Händen umg she’s accounted for, she’s booked;

jemandem freie Hand lassen give sb a free hand;

in guten Händen sein be in good hands;

eine glückliche oder

geschickte Hand haben have the right touch (

mit for);

sie hat eine (glückliche) Hand mit she knows how to handle; mit Menschen, Pflanzen etc: she has a way with;

besser als in die hohle Hand geschissen vulg better than a poke in the eye (with a burnt [US sharp] stick), better than nothing;

alle oder

beide Hände voll zu tun haben umg generell: have a lot on one’s plate; mit jemandem/etwas: have one’s hands full with sb/sth;

mit beiden Händen zugreifen jump at the chance;

von langer Hand long beforehand;

mit leeren Händen dastehen/weggehen be left/go away empty-handed;

jemandem etwas zu treuen Händen geben geh give sth to sb for safekeeping;

(aber) zu treuen Händen! geh hum (but) I want it etc back!;

mit vollen Händen liberally;

sein Geld mit vollen Händen ausgeben throw one’s money about (US around);

hinter vorgehaltener Hand sprechen etc: off the record; → link… 1

3. fig Wendungen, mit präp:

jemandem etwas an die Hand geben (Argumente, Informationen etc) hand sb sth, pass sth on to sb, make sth available to sb;

an der Hand haben umg know of, know where to find, be able to get hold of; (Person) auch have contacts with sb;

(bar) auf die Hand cash in hand;

es liegt (klar) auf der Hand it’s (so) obvious;

jemanden auf Händen tragen wait on sb hand and foot;

Hand aufs Herz! (ich lüge nicht) cross my heart; (sei ehrlich) be honest;

jemandem aus der Hand fressen umg eat out of sb’s hand;

aus der Hand geben part with; (Posten etc) auch give up;

er gibt oder

lässt es nicht aus der Hand auch he won’t let go of it, he won’t let anyone else have it ( oder take it from him);

mit Kritik ist er immer schnell bei der Hand umg he’s always very quick to criticize;

durch jemandes Hände gehen go through sb’s hands;

schon durch viele Hände gegangen sein have been through several hands;

Hand in Hand arbeiten work together, cooperate (closely);

das geht Hand in Hand mit … it goes hand in hand with …, it goes together with …;

jemandem in die Hände arbeiten play into sb’s hands;

in die Hände bekommen (etwas, jemanden) get one’s hands on;

jemandem in die Hände fallen fall into sb’s hands;

jemanden in der Hand haben have sb in one’s grip;

etwas gegen jemanden in der Hand haben have sth on sb;

sich in der Hand haben have everything under control, have a firm grip on o.s.;

wir haben die Lage in der Hand we’ve got the situation under control;

du hast es in der Hand oder

es liegt in deiner Hand it’s up to you;

in jemandes Hand sein Person: be in sb’s hands, be up to sb;

das Restaurant ist in griechischer Hand the restaurant is run by a Greek landlord;

unser Hotel war fest in italienischer Hand the vast majority of guests in our hotel were Italians;

in die Hände spucken umg, fig roll up one’s sleeves;

jemandem etwas in die Hand versprechen promise sb sth ( oder sth to sb);

seine Hand ins Feuer legen für put one’s hand into the fire for;

die Hände in den Schoß legen (nicht arbeiten) take it easy; (sich untätig verhalten) sit on one’s hands;

seine Hand oder

Hände im Spiel haben have a hand in it;

etwas in die Hand nehmen Aufgabe etc: take charge of sth;

die Sache in die Hand nehmen take the initiative;

jemandem (etwas) in die Hände spielen play (sth) into sb’s hands;

es ist mit Händen zu greifen it sticks out a mile ( oder like a sore thumb) umg;

seine Hand (schützend) über jemanden halten take sb under one’s wing, shield ( oder protect) sb;

die Hände über dem Kopf zusammenschlagen umg throw up one’s hands in horror;

um jemandes Hand anhalten oder

bitten ask for sb’s hand;

unter der Hand (nicht offiziell) unofficially; (privat) kaufen etc: privately; (heimlich, illegal) under the counter; (nebenbei) on the side;

jemandem unter den Händen zerrinnen Geld etc: go through sb’s fingers like water;

die Arbeit geht ihm flott von der Hand he’s a fast worker;

von der Hand in den Mund leben live from hand to mouth;

von der Hand weisen (verwerfen, abtun) dismiss; (leugnen) deny;

es ist nicht von der Hand zu weisen it can’t be denied, there’s no denying ( oder getting away from) it;

von jemandes Hand sterben etc geh die by sb’s hand;

von Hand zu Hand gehen go ( oder be passed) from hand to hand;

jemandem zur oder

an die Hand gehen lend sb a hand;

sie hat immer eine Antwort zur Hand auch she’s always got an answer pat (US ready), she’s never at a loss for words; → anhand, wegsterben

4. fig sonstige Wendungen:

Hand und Fuß haben Plan etc: make sense, hold water;

was er macht, hat Hand und Fuß he doesn’t do things in ( oder by) half measures;

ich würde mir für ihn die Hand abhacken lassen umg I’d cut off my right arm for him;

die Hand aufhalten oder

hinhalten umg, meist pej hold out one’s hand;

einander die Hand geben Ereignisse etc: follow hard on each other’s heels, happen in close succession;

die Ereignisse gaben einander die Hand auch one thing led to another;

jemandem die Hand (fürs Leben) reichen marry sb;

jemandem die Hand zur Versöhnung reichen offer sb one’s hand as a sign of reconciliation;

die beiden können einander die Hand reichen they’re two of a kind; im negativen Sinne: auch they’re as bad as each other, one’s as bad as the other; (sie sind in der gleichen Lage) they’re in the same boat;

von seiner Hände Arbeit leben live by the work of one’s hands;

sich (dat)

die Hände reiben vor heimlicher Freude: rub one’s hands;

eine Hand wäscht die andere Sprichwort you scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours, one hand washes the other obs;

ich wasche meine Hände in Unschuld geh I wash my hands in innocence; → ausrutschen, gebunden B 2, küssen

5. (Schrift) hand

6. Kartenspiel: hand;

eine gute/schlechte Hand a good/bad ( oder poor) hand;

auf der Hand in one’s hand;

aus der Hand spielen nicht vom Tisch, Dummy: play from one’s hand;

(aus der) Hand spielen Skat: play from one’s hand (without picking up the discard)

7. Fußball:

(das war) Hand! handball!

Hand² f; -, - oder Hände; Maßangabe:

zwei Hand breit etwa a foot wide;

eine Hand voll konkret: a handful; (wenige) a handful

* * *

die; Hand, Hände

1) hand

eine Hand voll — a handful

mit der rechten/linken Hand — with one's right/left hand

jemandem die Hand geben od. (geh.) reichen — shake somebody's hand; shake somebody by the hand

jemandem die Hand drücken/schütteln — press/shake somebody's hand

eine Hand frei haben — have a free hand

Hände hoch! — hands up!

jemanden an die od. (geh.) bei der Hand nehmen — take somebody by the hand

jemandem etwas aus der Hand nehmen — take something out of somebody's hand/hands

etwas aus der Hand legen — put something down

jemandem aus der Hand lesen — read somebody's hand or palm

etwas in die/zur Hand nehmen — pick something up

etwas in der Hand/den Händen haben od. (geh.) halten — have got or hold something in one's hand/hands

in die Hände klatschen — clap one's hands

mit Händen und Füßen reden — use gestures to make oneself understood

etwas mit der Hand schreiben/nähen — write/sew something by hand

von Hand — by hand

Hand in Hand gehen — go or walk hand-in-hand

jemandem etwas in die Hand versprechen — promise somebody something faithfully

2) o. Pl. (Fußball) handball

3) (in Wendungen)

was hältst du davon - Hand aufs Herz! — what do you think? - be honest

eine Hand wäscht die andere — you scratch my back and 1'll scratch yours

jemandem sind die Hände gebunden — somebody's hands are tied

Hand und Fuß/weder Hand noch Fuß haben — (ugs.) make sense/no sense

[bei etwas selbst mit] Hand anlegen — lend a hand [with something]; die od

seine Hand aufhalten — (ugs.) hold out one's hand

letzte Hand an etwas (Akk.) legen — put the finishing touches pl. to something

sich (Dat.) od. (geh.) alle od. beide Hände damit voll haben, etwas zu tun — (ugs.) have one's hands full doing something

die Hände in den Schoß legen — sit back and do nothing

bei etwas die od. seine Hände [mit] im Spiel haben — have a hand in something

die Hände über dem Kopf zusammenschlagen — (ugs.) throw up one's hands in horror

zwei linke Hände haben — (ugs.) have two left hands (coll.)

eine lockere od. lose Hand haben — (ugs.) hit out at the slightest provocation

eine glückliche Hand bei etwas haben — have a feel for the right choice in something

linker/rechter Hand — on or to the left/right

[klar] auf der Hand liegen — (ugs.) be obvious

jemanden auf Händen tragen — lavish every kind of care and attention on somebody

ein Auto/Möbel aus erster Hand — a car/furniture which has/had had one [previous] owner

etwas aus erster Hand wissen — know something at first hand; have first-hand knowledge of something

Kleidung aus zweiter Hand — second-hand clothes pl.

jemandem aus der Hand fressen — eat out of somebody's hand (fig.)

etwas aus der Hand geben — (weggeben) let something out of one's hands; (aufgeben) give something up

jemandem etwas aus der Hand nehmen — relieve somebody of something

etwas bei der Hand haben — (greifbar haben) have something handy; (parat haben) have something ready

mit etwas schnell od. rasch bei der Hand sein — (ugs.) be ready [with something]

Hand in Hand arbeiten — work hand in hand

mit etwas Hand in Hand gehen — go hand in hand with something

hinter vorgehaltener Hand — off the record

in die Hände spucken — spit on one's hands; (fig. ugs.) roll up one's sleeves (fig.)

jemanden/etwas in die Hand od. Hände bekommen — lay or get one's hands on somebody/get one's hands on something

jemandem in die Hände fallen — fall into somebody's hands

jemanden in der Hand haben — have or hold somebody in the palm of one's hand

etwas in die Hand nehmen — take something in hand

in jemandes Hand (Dat.) sein od. (geh.) liegen — be in somebody's hands

in sicheren od. guten Händen sein — be in safe or good hands

sich mit Händen und Füßen gegen etwas sträuben od. wehren — (ugs.) fight tooth and nail against something

mit leeren Händen — emptyhanded

das Geld mit vollen Händen ausgeben — spend money like water

um jemandes Hand anhalten od. bitten — (geh. veralt.) ask for somebody's hand [in marriage]

unter der Hand — (fig.) on the quiet

etwas unter der Hand erfahren — hear something on the grapevine

das geht ihm gut/leicht von der Hand — he finds that no trouble

etwas von langer Hand vorbereiten — plan something well in advance

die Nachteile/seine Argumente sind nicht von der Hand zu weisen — the disadvantages cannot be denied/his arguments cannot [simply] be dismissed

von der Hand in den Mund leben — live from hand to mouth

jemandem zur Hand gehen — lend somebody a hand

zu Händen [von] Herrn Müller — for the attention of Herr Müller; attention Herr Müller; s. auch öffentlich 1.

4)

an Hand — s. anhand

* * *

¨-e f.

hand n.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Hand
18 interés

m.

1 interest, concernment, regard, interestedness.

2 interest, yield.

* * *

interés

► nombre masculino

1 (gen) interest; (propio) self-interest

■ ha mostrado mucho interés por el piso he has shown great interest in the flat

■ lo hace sólo por interés he's only doing it for what he can get out of it

■ cuando crezcas verás que era por tu interés when you're older you'll realize it was for your own good

2 FINANZAS interest

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

de gran interés very interesting

ir en interés de to be in the interests of

poner interés en algo to take an interest in something, put effort into something

■ debes poner más interés en tu trabajo you should take more interest in your work

tener interés en to be interested in

interés compuesto compound interest

interés simple simple interest

intereses creados vested interests

* * *

noun m.

interest

* * *

SM

1) (=valor) interest

una cuestión de interés general — a question of general interest

un edificio de interés histórico — a building of historic interest

ese asunto no tiene interés para nosotros — this matter is of no interest to us

2) (=curiosidad) interest

el tema despertó o suscitó el interés del público — the topic aroused public interest

ha seguido con gran interés la campaña electoral — he has followed the electoral campaign with great interest

• esperar algo con interés — to await sth with interest

• mostrar interés en o por algo — to show (an) interest in sth

• poner interés en algo — to take an interest in sth

puse verdadero interés en aprender inglés — I took a real interest in learning English

• sentir o tener interés por algo — to be interested in sth

si tienes interés por el piso, todavía está a la venta — if you're interested in the flat, it's still for sale

siento auténtico interés por los idiomas — I have a real interest o I am really interested in languages

sentir o tener interés por hacer algo — to be interested in doing sth

3) (=beneficio)

a) [de persona, país] interest

no deberías dejarte llevar por el interés — you shouldn't let yourself be swayed by personal interest

¿qué interés tienes tú en que pierdan el partido? — what's your interest in their losing the match?

te lo digo por tu propio interés — I'm telling you for your own benefit o in your own interest

en interés del país ha renunciado a la reelección — in the interest(s) of the country he is not standing for re-election

b) (Econ) interest

un préstamo a o con un interés del 9 por ciento — a loan at 9 per cent interest

los intereses de mi cuenta — the interest on my account

• dar interés — [capital, inversión] to yield interest; [banco, cuenta] to pay interest

mi capital me da un interés del 5,3 por ciento — my capital yields an interest of 5.3 per cent

• devengar interés — to accrue interest, earn interest

• tasa LAm o tipo de interés — interest rate

intereses acumulados — accrued interest sing

interés compuesto — compound interest

interés controlador — controlling interest

interés devengado — accrued interest, earned interest

intereses por cobrar — interest receivable sing

intereses por pagar — interest payable sing

interés simple — simple interest

4) pl intereses

a) (Com) interests

hay intereses económicos por medio — there are financial interests involved

tengo que defender mis intereses — I have to look after my own interests

los intereses españoles en África — Spanish interests in Africa

• un conflicto de intereses — a conflict of interests

• tener intereses en algo — to have interests o a stake in sth

tiene intereses en varias compañías extranjeras — he has interests o a stake in several foreign companies

b) (=aficiones) interests

¿qué intereses tienes? — what are your interests?

fomentar los intereses de algn — to foster sb's interest in sth

intereses creados — vested interests

* * *

masculino

1)

a) (importancia, valor) interest

de interés turístico — of interest to tourists

un tema de interés humano — a human interest story

de interés científico — of scientific significance o interest

b) ( actitud) interest

despertó el interés de todos — it aroused everyone's interest

con gran interés — with great interest

interés en algo — interest in something

pon más interés en tus estudios — take more interest in your schoolwork

tengo especial interés en que... — I am particularly concerned o keen that...

tienen gran interés en verlo — they are very interested in seeing it

c) (afición, inquietud) interest

2)

a) (conveniencia, beneficio) interest

por tu propio interés — in your own interest, for your own good

actúa sólo por interés — he acts purely in his own interest o out of self-interest

b) intereses masculino plural ( objetivos) interests (pl)

conflicto de intereses — conflict of interests

c) intereses masculino plural (bienes, capital)

tiene intereses en esa empresa — he has a stake o an interest in that company

administro sus intereses — I look after her investments

- interés público

- intereses creados/privados

3) (Fin) interest

a or con un interés del 12% — at 12% interest o at an interest rate of 12%

ganar intereses — to earn interest

tipo de interés — rate of interest

•

- interés compuesto/simple

* * *

masculino

1)

a) (importancia, valor) interest

de interés turístico — of interest to tourists

un tema de interés humano — a human interest story

de interés científico — of scientific significance o interest

b) ( actitud) interest

despertó el interés de todos — it aroused everyone's interest

con gran interés — with great interest

interés en algo — interest in something

pon más interés en tus estudios — take more interest in your schoolwork

tengo especial interés en que... — I am particularly concerned o keen that...

tienen gran interés en verlo — they are very interested in seeing it

c) (afición, inquietud) interest

2)

a) (conveniencia, beneficio) interest

por tu propio interés — in your own interest, for your own good

actúa sólo por interés — he acts purely in his own interest o out of self-interest

b) intereses masculino plural ( objetivos) interests (pl)

conflicto de intereses — conflict of interests

c) intereses masculino plural (bienes, capital)

tiene intereses en esa empresa — he has a stake o an interest in that company

administro sus intereses — I look after her investments

- interés público

- intereses creados/privados

3) (Fin) interest

a or con un interés del 12% — at 12% interest o at an interest rate of 12%

ganar intereses — to earn interest

tipo de interés — rate of interest

•

- interés compuesto/simple

* * *

interés¹

¹ = appeal, appetite, concern, focus, involvement, interest, knowledge interest, piquancy, penchant, pursuit, topicality.

Ex: Indeed, if they are not successful in finding ways of renewing their original purpose and appeal, they are on their way to dissolution and displacement.

Ex: We need to know what and how consumers' information appetites have changed.

Ex: The use of agents is necessary but not ideal, because an agent often represents rival concerns, and aims for a quick turnover rather than long-term profitability.

Ex: Our focus in this text is on the first stage in the following diagram.

Ex: Clearly, anyone having any dealings at all with the CAP needs a general understanding of how the system works, at a level which is appropriate to their involvement.

Ex: An abstracting bulletin is generally a weekly or monthly current-awareness service containing abstracts of all documents of interest that have passed into the library or information unit during that time.

Ex: Phenomenography is an approach that builds on phenomenological and hermeneutic traditions; its knowledge interest is to describe the varying conceptions held within a specific group about a phenomenon = La fenomenografía es un método que parte de las tradicionaes fenomenológicas y hermenéuticas; su interés es describir las diversas concepciones que un grupo concreto tiene sobre un fenómeno.

Ex: Young was a man of singular eccentricity and piquancy of character, a person who was very interesting in his own right.

Ex: Our penchant to organize is perhaps as close to a biological imperative as any form of human behavior is likely to come.

Ex: What is more arguable is whether or not it is a bibliographical pursuit at all since it bears little relationship to the physical nature of the book.

Ex: This year, the event is gaining topicality because of the EU enlargement.

* actuar en defensa de los intereses de las bibliotecas y bibliotec = library advocacy.

* adaptarse a un interés = accommodate + interest.

* ámbito de interés = sphere of interest.

* ampliar el interés = broaden + interest.

* aprovecharse del interés general por Algo = exploit + appeal.

* área de interés = field of interest.

* atraer el interés = capture + the imagination, capture + the interest, draw + interest.

* atraer el interés de = catch + the imagination of.

* caer fuera del interés de = lie outside + the scope of.

* caer fuera del interés de uno = fall outside + Posesivo + interest.

* campo de interés = sphere of interest.

* captar el interés = capture + the imagination, capture + the interest.

* captar el interés de = catch + the imagination of.

* coincidir con los intereses de uno = match + interests.

* combinar intereses = bridge + interests.

* conflicto de intereses = conflict of interest(s), competing interests.

* con intereses ocultos = agenda-laden.

* con intereses propios = self-interested.

* conjunto de intereses = set of interests.

* Consejo Internacional de Museos y Lugares de Interés (ICOMS) = International Council of Museums and Sites (ICOMOS).

* constatar el interés = gauge + interest.

* con un interés en = with a stake in.

* crear interés = build + interest.

* dar interés = spice up, add + spice.

* debate por tema de interés = breakout discussion.

* defender los intereses = defend + interests, lobby for + interests.

* defender los intereses de = go to + bat for, bat for.

* defensa de intereses = lobbying.

* defensa de los intereses de las bibliotecas y bibliotecarios = library advocacy.

* defensor de los intereses del ciudadano = watchdog.

* de interés especial = of particular concern, special-interest.

* de intereses similares = of like interest.

* de interés general = general-interest, of general interest.

* de interés humano = human interest.

* de interés periodístico = newsworthy.

* despertar el interés = provoke + interest, stimulate + interest, stir + interest, whet + the appetite, heighten + interest, rouse + interest, capture + the imagination, capture + the interest, work up + an interest, pique + interest.

* despertar el interés de = catch + the imagination of.

* despertar interés = arouse + interest, attract + interest, raise + interest, spark + interest.

* despertar interés por = kindle + interest in.

* destinado a despertar el interés del usuario = highlight abstract.

* dirigir los intereses de uno = break into.

* el interés público = the public interest.

* en interés de = in the interest(s) of.

* esperar con interés (+ Infinitivo), = look forward to (+ Gerundio).

* estar fuera del interés = lie outside + the scope of.

* estar fuera del interés de uno = lie beyond + concern.

* expresión de interés = application.

* falta de interés por cooperar = unresponsiveness.

* foco de interés = focus of interest, focus of concern, focus of attention.

* fomentar el interés = raise + interest, foster + interest, foster + interest.

* fomentar interés = build + interest.

* generar interés = generate + interest.

* grupo de interés = focus group, interest group.

* grupo de trabajo por tema de interés = breakout group.

* guiado por intereses propios = interest-determined.

* hacer que pierda el interés = take + the shine off things.

* institución de interés histórico = heritage institution.

* institución de interés histórico y cultural = cultural heritage institution.

* interés cada vez mayor = growing interest.

* interés + centrarse en = interest + lie with.

* interés comercial = business interest, commercial interest.

* interés común = shared interest.

* interés creado = vested interest.

* interés + decaer = interest + flag.

* interés económico = economic interest.

* intereses = breadth of interests.

* intereses comerciales = market forces, marketplace forces.

* intereses comunes = common ground, community of interest.

* intereses contrapuestos = conflicting interests.

* intereses cotidianos = life interests.

* intereses de lectura = reading interests.

* intereses encontrados = competing interests.

* intereses ocultos = hidden agenda.

* interés general = public interest.

* interés pasajero = passing interest.

* interés periodístico = newsworthiness.

* interés personal = vested interest, self-interest, axe + to grind, personal interest.

* interés por ganar dinero = profit motive.

* interés por los libros = awareness of books.

* interés público = public interest.

* interés renovado = renewed interest.

* ir en detrimento de los intereses = prejudice + interests.

* lleno de interés = solicitously.

* lugar de interés = attraction, sight.

* lugares de interés = sights.

* mantener el interés = hold + the interest.

* mantener un interés = pursue + interest.

* material documental de interés para los vecinos del barrio = community literature.

* máximo interés = maximum interest.

* mostrar interés = mark + interest.

* mostrar interés en = show + interest in.

* mostrar interés por = express + interest in.

* motivado por intereses propios = interest-based.

* mucho interés = keen interest.

* muestra de interés = expression of interest.

* no tener ningún interés = can't/couldn't be bothered.

* noticias diarias de interés = daily news alerts.

* objeto de interés = object of interest.

* ordenación topográfica según los intereses del lector = reader interest arrangement.

* para personas con intereses similares = birds-of-a-feather.

* perder el interés = pall.

* perder interés = lapse, lose + interest.

* perfil de interés = subject interest.

* perfil de interés del usuario = subject profile, user interest profile.

* perjudicar los intereses = prejudice + interests.

* por interés = out of interest.

* por interés personal = self-interested.

* profundizar el interés = deepen + interest.

* promover un interés = promote + interest.

* proyección de cuestiones de interés = issues management.

* punto de interés = point of interest.

* quitar el interés = take + the shine off things.

* renovado interés = upsurge.

* resumen de interés = highlight abstract.

* reunión por temas de interés = breakout session.

* según los intereses personales de cada uno = interest-based.

* ser de interés para = be of interest (to/for).

* servir los intereses = serve + interests.

* sesión por tema de interés = breakout session.

* sin interés = unexciting, uninteresting, unmoving, vapid.

* tarea falta de interés = chore.

* tema de interés = area of concern, area of enquiry [area of inquiry], area of interest, focus area, issue of concern, topic of interest.

* temas de interés de los usuarios = user interests.

* temas de interés particular = particular concerns.

* tenemos intereses en ambas partes = our feet are in both worlds.

* tener intereses en juego = have + invested.

* tener interés por = have + an interest in.

* tener interés por = be interested in.

* tener mucho interés en = have + a high stake in.

* tener mucho interés por = be keen to.

* tener un interés muy personal en = have + a stake in, hold + a stake in.

* tomarse interés por = take + an interest in.

interés²

² = interest, rate, interest charge.

Ex: Repayments is normally by equal half-yearly payments of capital and interest after a moratorium on capital repayments of up to five years, depending on project completion date.

Ex: The EIB is able to borrow money at the best possible rates, and as it is non-profit making it is able to offer loans at advantageous terms.

Ex: And, most importantly, even if a company makes a loss, it still has to pay its interest charges.

* interés bancario = interest rate.

* interés compuesto = compound interest.

* intereses del capital = capital charges.

* interés fijo = fixed interest.

* interés simple = simple interest.

* pago de los intereses = interest payment.

* recorte de los tipos de interés = rate cut, interest-rate cut.

* reducción de los tipos de interés = rate cut, interest-rate cut.

* subida de los tipos de interés = rate increase, interest-rate increase.

* tipo de interés base = base rate, prime rate.

* tipo de interés preferente = base rate, prime rate.

* * *

interés

masculine

A

1 (importancia, valor) interest

de interés turístico of interest to tourists

un tema de interés humano a human interest story

un descubrimiento de enorme interés científico a discovery of enormous scientific significance o importance

una anécdota sin ningún interés an anecdote of little or no interest

2 (actitud) interest

el anuncio despertó or suscitó el interés de todos the advertisement aroused everyone's interest

con gran interés with great interest

interés EN algo interest IN sth

pon más interés en tus estudios take more interest in your schoolwork

tengo especial interés en que esto se resuelva pronto I am particularly concerned o keen that this should be resolved quickly

tienen gran interés en probarlo they are very interested in testing it

3 (afición, inquietud) interest

la fotografía se cuenta entre sus muchos intereses photography is one of her many interests

B

1 (conveniencia, beneficio) interest

por tu propio interés in your own interest, for your own good o benefit

las mejoras van en interés de todos the improvements are in everyone's interest

actúa sólo por interés he acts purely out of self-interest o in his own interest

2 intereses mpl (objetivos) interests (pl)

había un conflicto de intereses there was a conflict of interests

3 intereses mpl

(bienes, capital): tiene intereses en varias empresas he has a stake o an interest in several companies

un contable administra sus intereses an accountant looks after her investments

Compuestos:

● intereses creados

mpl vested interests (pl)

● intereses privados

mpl private interests (pl)

● interés público

masculine:

el interés público the public interest

C ( Fin) interest

un préstamo a or con un interés del 12% a loan at 12% interest o at an interest rate of 12%

pagan unos intereses muy altos or un interés muy alto they pay very high interest o very high rates of interest

devengar or ganar intereses to earn interest

tipo de interés rate of interest

Compuestos:

● interés compuesto

compound interest

● interés simple

simple interest

* * *

interés sustantivo masculino
1 ( en general) interest;
◊ de interés turístico of interest to tourists;

pon más interés en tus estudios take more interest in your schoolwork;
tengo especial interés en que … I am particularly concerned o keen that …;
tienen gran interés en verlo they are very interested in seeing it;
por tu propio interés in your own interest, for your own good;
actúa solo por interés he acts purely in his own interest o out of self-interest;
conflicto de intereses conflict of interests
2 (Fin) interest;
a or con un interés del 12% at 12% interest o at an interest rate of 12%;
◊ ganar intereses to earn interest;

tipo de interés rate of interest
interés sustantivo masculino
1 (curiosidad) interest: tienes que poner más interés en ello, you must take more interest in it
tengo interés en/por viajar a Perú, I'm interested in travelling to Peru
2 (importancia) esta película carece de interés, this movie lacks interest
no ha sucedido nada de interés, nothing interesting has happened
3 (provecho personal) self-interest: te llama solo por interés, he phones you out of self-interest
(provecho, bien) in the interest of: lo haré en interés tuyo, I shall do it for your own good
en interés de la ciencia, for the sake of science
4 Fin interest
con un interés del 15%, at an interest rate of 15%
tipos de interés, interest rates
♦ Locuciones: perder el interés, to lose interest
con intereses, (con creces, más de lo que se recibió) with interest
' interés' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
amorfa
- amorfo
- candente
- captar
- carente
- comodidad
- común
- conveniencia
- dar
- decir
- deducirse
- desgana
- desganada
- desganado
- despertarse
- desvivirse
- devengar
- entregarse
- flojedad
- hinchar
- hipotecaria
- hipotecario
- importar
- inquietud
- interesar
- interesada
- interesado
- lengua
- llamar
- menguante
- morbosa
- morboso
- pasar
- polarizar
- revelar
- solicitud
- tinta
- tipo
- ver
- abusivo
- acaparar
- anecdótico
- anual
- aparentar
- aparente
- apreciar
- atractivo
- atraer
- auténtico
- baja
English:
accrue
- active
- ax
- axe
- bear
- benefit
- capture
- conflicting
- deep
- demolish
- develop
- fire
- flag
- flat
- fluctuate
- foster
- interest
- interest rate
- keen
- keenly
- lack
- lending
- LIBOR
- pall
- pay
- prime rate
- really
- reduction
- revive
- rising
- self-interest
- send down
- show
- sight
- simple interest
- stake
- stimulate
- sustain
- vested
- wane
- yield
- bank
- concern
- fixed
- memorabilia
- pique
- purpose
- rate
- revival
- secondary

* * *

interés (pl intereses) nm

1. [utilidad, valor] interest;

de interés interesting;

un descubrimiento de gran interés para los enfermos de sida a discovery of great signifiance to people with AIDS;

una construcción de interés histórico a building of historical interest

2. [curiosidad] interest;

un tema de interés común a subject of interest to everyone;

el hallazgo ha despertado el interés de los científicos the discovery has aroused scientists' interest;

tener interés en o [m5] por to be interested in;

tengo interés por recorrer el centro de la ciudad I'm interested in doing a tour of the town centre;

sigo con interés la polémica I'm following the debate with interest

3. [esfuerzo] interest;

trabajó con mucho interés en el proyecto she was an enthusiastic worker on the project;

poner interés en algo to take a real interest in sth;

tienes que poner más interés en los estudios you must show a bit more interest in your schoolwork

4. [conveniencia, provecho] interest;

una obra de interés general o [m5] público a construction project that is in everyone's o the public interest;

hacer algo por el interés de alguien, hacer algo en interés de alguien to do sth in sb's interest;

tengo interés en que venga pronto it's in my interest that he should come soon;

a todos nos mueve un interés común we are all motivated by a common interest

5. [egoísmo] self-interest, selfishness;

por interés out of selfishness;

casarse por (el) interés to marry for money

Comp
intereses creados vested interests
6.
intereses [aficiones] interests;

entre sus intereses se cuentan el golf y la vela his interests include golf and sailing

7.
intereses [económicos] interests;

los intereses españoles en Latinoamérica Spanish interests in Latin America;

tiene intereses en una empresa del sector he has interests o a stake in a company in that sector;

su hermana administra sus intereses her sister looks after her financial interests

8. Fin interest;

un préstamo con un interés del 5 por ciento a loan at 5 percent interest;

interés a corto/largo plazo short-/long-term interest;

tipo o [m5] tasa de interés interest rate

Comp
interés acumulable cumulative interest;
interés compuesto compound interest;

intereses de demora penalty interest [for late payment];

interés devengado accrued o earned interest;

interés interbancario interbank deposit rate;

interés de mora penalty interest [for late payment];

interés preferencial preferential interest rate;

interés simple simple interest;

intereses vencidos interest due

* * *

interés

m

1 interest

2 COM interest;

sin interés interest free

3 desp

self-interest

4

:

intereses pl ( bienes) interests

* * *

interés nm, pl - reses : interest

* * *

interés n interest

pone mucho interés en el trabajo he takes a great deal of interest in his work

es un tema de gran interés it's a very interesting subject

en esta cuenta obtendrás un interés del 5% you'll get 5% interest from this account

tener interés en algo to be interested in something

tener interés en/por hacer algo to be keen to do something

tiene mucho interés en conocerte he's very keen to meet you

Spanish-English dictionary > interés
19 Contrat de travail

   All private sector and contractual public sector employees working in France under French law require a work contract. There are two basic categories of contract, the CDD ( Contrat à durée déterminée) fixed-term contract, and the CDI( Contrat à durée indéterminée) permanent contract. All types of contract must stipulate working conditions and hours, and provide for employee rights in terms of paid holiday. All work contracts provide social security and health cover. On account of the complexities and difficulty of terminating CDI contracts, many employers prefer to use CDD contracts whenever possible, particularly for new recruits and young employees. There are however rules to prevent employers signing successions of CDD contracts where a CDI contract would be quite feasible.

   The complexity of the system is judged to be one of the reasons behind the high level of youth unemployment in France (19.4% in 2007, compared to an EU average of 15.2% according to Eurostat).

   Among proposed reforms to work-place legislations have long been plans to simplify the system of employment contracts, notably with the introduction of a contrat unique, or standard work contract, that no longer distinguishes between-fixed term and permanent contracts.

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Contrat de travail
20 Lycée Professionnel

(also known as LP, formerly LEP): high-school preparing students for entry into specialised trades. Students in Lycées Professionnels work to obtain diplomas in their particular specialisation. The basic diploma is the CAP (Certificat d'aptitude professionnel), the standard qualification for entry into a number of crafts or trades. Alternatively they work beyond the CAP for a BEP (Brevet d'études professionnelles) which can lead on to the a Baccalauréat professionnel, giving access to higher education. Lycées Professionnels are specialised in a particular field, for example Lycée hôtelier, Lycée du bâtiment, Lycée du bois. Some are in the state sector, others are private establishments.

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Lycée Professionnel

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

private sector — n. The part of the economy not controlled by the government, in which private citizens work for their own profit. The Essential Law Dictionary. Sphinx Publishing, An imprint of Sourcebooks, Inc. Amy Hackney Blackwell. 2008 … Law dictionary
Rationale for the Iraq War — The rationale for the Iraq War (i.e., the 2003 invasion of Iraq and subsequent hostilities) has been a contentious issue since the Bush administration began actively pressing for military intervention in Iraq in late 2001. The primary… … Wikipedia
Union for the Mediterranean — Members of the Union for the Mediterranean Member states of the European Union … Wikipedia
The Daily Show — Also known as The Daily Show with Jon Stewart Genre … Wikipedia
Reasons for the failure of British Caledonian — issues cleanup = March 2008 POV = March 2008 OR = March 2008 essay = March 2008The prime causes for the failure of the Second Force concept and BCal s demise were: * The unwieldy route structure it had inherited from BUA.* The Government s… … Wikipedia
National Association for the Education of Young Children — (NAEYC) Founded 1926/1929 (Washington, DC) by Patty Smith Hill Headquarters Washington, DC Approximate Membership Nearly 80,000 … Wikipedia
Organisation for the Preservation of Birds and their Habitat — Burung Indonesia (Indonesian for: BirdLife Indonesia Association), official name: Perhimpunan Pelestarian Burung Liar dan Habitatnya or BirdLife Indonesia Association, is the Indonesian society for the protection of birds. The organisation, which … Wikipedia
Center for the New Economy — Puerto Rico s Center for the New Economy is an economy centered think tank that has emerged as an incubator for future economic public policy in that United States territory. Founded in 1998 and funded by the private sector, the CNE partnered… … Wikipedia
Timeline for the day of the September 11 attacks — The September 11, 2001 attacks, in addition to being a unique act of aggression, constituted a media event on a scale not seen since the advent of civilian global satellite links, round the clock television news organizations and the instant… … Wikipedia
Timeline for the Labour Party (UK) leadership elections, 2007 — The timeline for the British Labour Party leadership elections of 2007 is a timeline of events relating to the final years of Tony Blair s tenure as leader of the party and Prime Minister and the leadership elections to find replacements for him… … Wikipedia
The Greenbrier — Infobox nrhp | name =The Greenbrier nrhp type =nhl caption = North Entrance location= White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia locmapin = West Virginia area = built =1858, 1913 architect= Latrobe,John H.B.; Et al. architecture= Classical Revival,… … Wikipedia

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на английский

to work for the private sector

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на английский

to work for the private sector

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка: